IPHY 2420 Exam 2 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER Macronutrient providing 4 kcals/g; digestible carbs
provide energy and indigestible carbs support digestive health, blood sugar, and cholesterol; found in
all food groups and small amounts in meat.
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: fruit, honey, digestion/conversion of
other carbs; preferred fuel source.
Fructose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: fruit, honey, processed foods/drinks;
converts to glucose or fat.
Galactose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: bound with glucose as lactose;
converts to glucose.
Maltose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + glucose); source: sweet potatoes,
barley, cereals; product of starch breakdown.
Sucrose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + fructose); source: fruits, vegetables,
sugar, beets, sugarcane.
Lactose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + galactose); milk sugar found in dairy
products.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; source: grains, legumes, root vegetables.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; small amounts in meat; breaks down when
energy is needed.
Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; source: fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains;
supports digestive health.
, Soluble Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Dissolves in water; viscous; easily digested by colonic
bacteria; improves blood sugar, delays glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity and
cholesterol, binds bile to increase cholesterol excretion, improves weight control, increases fullness,
slows digestion.
Insoluble Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Not dissolvable in water; not viscous; not easily
digested by colonic bacteria; supports digestive health, promotes bowel regularity, reduces digestive
disorder risk.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Mouth) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: chewing; Chemical:
salivary enzymes.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Stomach) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: churning; Chemical:
none.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Small Intestine) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: segmentation;
Chemical: pancreatic enzymes.
Carbohydrate Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharides absorbed into blood and
sent to liver; fructose and galactose converted to glucose; glucose used for energy or stored as
glycogen.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) - CORRECT ANSWER Produced when fiber/resistant carbs
are digested by gut bacteria; provide ~2 kcals/g; fuel, protect, and maintain colon.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER Catabolism of glucose to generate ATP.
Glycogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER Combines glucose molecules to form glycogen.
Glycogen Storage - CORRECT ANSWER Approx. 2,000 kcals total; 80% muscle, 20% liver.
Liver Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER Maintains blood sugar.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER Macronutrient providing 4 kcals/g; digestible carbs
provide energy and indigestible carbs support digestive health, blood sugar, and cholesterol; found in
all food groups and small amounts in meat.
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: fruit, honey, digestion/conversion of
other carbs; preferred fuel source.
Fructose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: fruit, honey, processed foods/drinks;
converts to glucose or fat.
Galactose - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharide; source: bound with glucose as lactose;
converts to glucose.
Maltose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + glucose); source: sweet potatoes,
barley, cereals; product of starch breakdown.
Sucrose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + fructose); source: fruits, vegetables,
sugar, beets, sugarcane.
Lactose - CORRECT ANSWER Disaccharide (glucose + galactose); milk sugar found in dairy
products.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; source: grains, legumes, root vegetables.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; small amounts in meat; breaks down when
energy is needed.
Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Polysaccharide; source: fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains;
supports digestive health.
, Soluble Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Dissolves in water; viscous; easily digested by colonic
bacteria; improves blood sugar, delays glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity and
cholesterol, binds bile to increase cholesterol excretion, improves weight control, increases fullness,
slows digestion.
Insoluble Fiber - CORRECT ANSWER Not dissolvable in water; not viscous; not easily
digested by colonic bacteria; supports digestive health, promotes bowel regularity, reduces digestive
disorder risk.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Mouth) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: chewing; Chemical:
salivary enzymes.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Stomach) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: churning; Chemical:
none.
Carbohydrate Digestion (Small Intestine) - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical: segmentation;
Chemical: pancreatic enzymes.
Carbohydrate Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Monosaccharides absorbed into blood and
sent to liver; fructose and galactose converted to glucose; glucose used for energy or stored as
glycogen.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) - CORRECT ANSWER Produced when fiber/resistant carbs
are digested by gut bacteria; provide ~2 kcals/g; fuel, protect, and maintain colon.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER Catabolism of glucose to generate ATP.
Glycogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER Combines glucose molecules to form glycogen.
Glycogen Storage - CORRECT ANSWER Approx. 2,000 kcals total; 80% muscle, 20% liver.
Liver Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER Maintains blood sugar.
