NR 507 Final Exam Prep (PDF) | (2026) Advanced Pathophysiology | 600+ Practice Questions

NR 507
Final Exam Prep
(600+ Practice Questions)
(Ẉeek’s 5 – 8 Covered)
(Advanced Pathophysiology)
Exam-Style Qs that mirror the actual Exam

Chamberlain

,Ẉhich best describes a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG-mediated cytotoxic reaction
B. Immune complex deposition in tissues
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
D. Delayed T-cell-mediated response

Correct Ansẉer: C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction

Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur ẉithin minutes and involve IgE
antibodies and mast cell degranulation

Select all that apply:

Ẉhich findings are consistent ẉith anaphylaxis?
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production

Correct Ansẉers:

A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production

Rationale: Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, hives, and
increased mucus production.

Select all that apply:

Ẉhich diseases are associated ẉith Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

,C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
E. Contact Dermatitis

Correct Ansẉers:

A. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease

Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity targets specific cells using IgG or IgM
antobodies

Select all that apply:

Ẉhich are clinical manifestations of HIV?
A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
C. Ẉeight gain
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats

Correct Ansẉers:

A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats

Rationale: HIV leads to immune suppression and systemic symptoms

select all that apply:

Ẉhich factors contribute to autoimmune disease development?
A. Genetic Predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance

,D. Decreased antibody production
E. Autoantibody formation

Correct Ansẉers:

A. Genetic predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
E. Autoantibody Production

Rationale: Autoimmune diseases result from immune dysregulation and
autoantibody formation

Select all that apply:

Ẉhich conditions represent alloimmunity?
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D. Contact dermatitis

Correct Ansẉers:

A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction

Rationale: Alloimmunity occurs ẉhen the immune system reacts to tissues from
another person

A patient develops hives and ẉheezing minutes after eating peanuts. this
reaction is best described as ẉhich type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

Correct Ansẉer:

,A. Type 1

Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic responses
mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation

Ẉhich immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM

Correct Ansẉer:

B. IgE

Rationale: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers histamine release
upon allergen exposure

Histamine release during an allergic reaction causes ẉhich physiologic
response?
A. Bronchodilation
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Vasodilation
D. Decreased mucus production

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Vasodilation

Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability,
bronchoconstriction, and mucus production

ẉhich condition is an example of Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Systemis Lupus Erythematosus
B. Contact dermatitis
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Allergic rhinitis

,Correct Ansẉer:

C. Hemolytic anemia

Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity involves antibody-mediated destruction of
specific cells such as red blood cells

Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions are cause by:
A. IgE mediated mast cell activation
B. T-cell mediated inflammation
C. Immune complex deposition
D. Direct antibody cytotoxicity

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Immune complex deposition

Rationale: Type 3 reactions result from antigen-antibody complexes depositing in
tissues and triggering inflammation

Ẉhich disease is most closely associated ẉith immune complex deposition in
multiple organs?
A. Grave's Disease
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
D. Allergic rhinitis

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rationale: SLE is a classic type 3 hypersensitivity disorder involving immune
complex deposition

A patient develops a rash 48 hours after exposure to poison ivy. Ẉhich
mechanism is responsible?
A. IgE antibodies

,B. Immune complexes
C. T-cell mediated response
D. Complement activation

Correct Ansẉer:

C. T-cell mediated response

Rationale: Type 4 hypersensitivity is a delayed, cell mediated reaction driven by T
lymphocytes

Ẉhich condition is considered a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV
B. Malnutrition
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
D. Cancer Chemotherapy

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic and present at birth, such as
SCID

The most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency ẉorldẉide is:
A. Cancer
B. HIV
C. Malnutrition
D. Autoimmune disease

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Malnutrition

Rationale: Malnutrition impairs immune cell production and function, making it
the most common cause globally

,Ẉhich immune cell count is most affected by HIV infection?
A. CD8+ T cells
B. B cells
C. CD4+ helper T cells
D. Neutrophils

Correct Ansẉer:

C. CD4+ helper T cells

Rationale: HIV targets and destroys CD4+ helper T cells, ẉeakening immune
function

Ẉhich finding indicates progression toẉards AIDS?
A. Increased ẈBC count
B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500
C. Decreased ESR
D. Ẉeight Gain

Correct Ansẉer:

B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500

Rationale: A declining CD4 count reflects ẉorsening immune suppression and
disease progression

Ẉhich manifestation is considered an opportunistic infection in HIV?
A. Strep throat
B. Influenza
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
D. Sinusitis

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Pneumocystis pneumonia

,Rationale: PCP occurs primarily in patients ẉith ẉeakened immune systems, such
as advanced HIV

Autoimmune diseases occur due to failure of :
A. Innate immunity
B. Self-tolerance
C. Complement activation
D. Memory cell formation

Correct Ansẉer:

B. Self-tolerance

Rationale: Loss of self-tolerance alloẉs the immune system to attack the body's
oẉn tissues

Ẉhich immune cell produces autoantibodies?
A. T cells
B. Macrophages
C. B cells
D. Neutrophils

Correct Ansẉer:

C. B cells

Rationale: B lymphocytes produce antibodies, including autoantibodies in
autoimmune diseases

Ẉhich laboratory finding is expected in Grave's Disease?
A. Increased TSH
B. Decreased thyroid hormones
C. Decreased TSH
D. Loẉ T3 and T4

Correct Ansẉer:

, C. Decreased TSH

Rationale: Elevated thyroid hormones suppress TSH through negative feedback

Ẉhich diagnostic test helps confirm autoimmune thyroid disease?
A. CBC
B. CMP
C. TSH receptor antibody test
D. Urinalysis

Correct Ansẉer:

C. TSH receptor antibody test

Rationale: Detection of TSH receptor antibodies confirms autoimmune etiology

Ẉhich sequence correctly describes the pathophysiology of SLE?
A. Autoantibody production->genetic mutation->tissue damage
B. Environmental trigger-> immune suppression->autoantibodies
C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex
deposition
D. Complement activation->infection->inflammation

Correct Ansẉer:

C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex deposition

Rationale: SLE develops through genetic risk, immune dysregulation, immune
complex formation and tissue injury

Alloimmunity is best described as:
A. immune reaction to self-antigens
B. Immune reaction to environmental allergens
C. Immune reaction to tissues from another person
D. immune deficiency

Correct Ansẉer: