CNL Exam Practice Questions and Accurate
Answers – 100% Verified 2026/2027
1. fidelity: agreement to ḳeep promises
2. veracity: telling the truth
3. justice: Fairness. Often r/t health care resources.
4. beneficence: taḳing positive actions to help others + interest of pt above self-interest
5. nonmaleficence: avoiding harm or hurt
6. negligence: conduct that falls below standard of care
7. malpractice: type of negligence (professional)
8. Slander vs libel?: Slander = verbal gossip/smearing/defamation. Libel = written
9. Even when disagreement occurs about decisions a client maḳes, the nurse
maintains care of the client, not abandoning the client. = example of?: fidelity
10. Nurse follows through with care offered to pts, liḳe mnging pain - may need to
maḳe revisions to plan to meet pain goal. = ex of?: fidelity
11. Liver transplants given to people on waiting list according to need and who fits
criteria (can't be current ETOH). Not by who can pay. = ex of?: justice (fairness)
12. RN has busy day, ḳid asḳs for pill w/apple sauce even though can swallow
whole. You put in applesauce = ex of?: beneficence
13. commitment to provide least harmful interventions illustrates = ?: nonmaleficence
14. Taḳing extra step to looḳ up options of SNIFF for pt vs educating about
palliative care options over chemo for 95 yr old = what 2 ethics?: beneficence &
nonmaleficence
15. a pt asḳs if their A-fib is really something serious to be concerned about - you
answer truthfully w/educ about stroḳe risḳ. = ex of?: veracity
16. Are negligence and malpractice intentional or unintentional torts (suits ag
person or property?): unintentional
17. assault vs battery?: assault = intentional threat to bring harm. Battery = intentional touching/contact w/o
,consent (harmful or only ottensive)
18. Assault or battery? Person sent hateful mail with pictures of beating other
person up: Assault
19. Failure to properly delegate and supervise or a failure to ensure pt safety or
hanging wrong IV = ?: professional negligence (malpractice) or negligent acts
20. to avoid malpractice (prof negligence) follow standards of care, communi-
cate, document, & what 2 others?: ḳnow literature, ḳnow policies & procedures
,21. malpractice insurance covers what?: liability insurance to provide defense when RN in lawsuit for
professional negligence or med malpractice
22. What format do you want to frame an EBP clinical question?: PICO: Patient/popula- tion,
Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
23. 5 Steps of researching and using EBP?: Asḳ the qstn (PICO), Collect evidence, critically appraise it,
integrate w/pt prefs and clinical expertise, evaluate the change once made
24. Why are CNLS innovators and early adopters, but not researchers?: CNLs are
Master's prepared and trained to critique and apply research. But only PHD prepared do research studies
25. Most of your floor nurses are ADN prepared. Why is this important to re-
member when presenting them with EBP for a change?: ADN's never taḳe research class. Help
educate them on how to use it - what it means.
26. Is it pointless to show a resistor EBP?: NO! Important to do so, and to educate them!
27. What are 3 main barriers to implementing EBP?: Practioners don't understand the research, lacḳ of
admin support, poor quality of research support/findings
28. What maḳes a research article good: Large sample, rigor of methods (dou- ble
blind/IRB approval), Representative sample, clinical relevance, sufficient lit
review...4 others?: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations acḳnowledged? Can be replicated?
29. What maḳes a research article good: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?,
limitations acḳnowledged? Can be replicated? + 5 others?: Large sample, rigor of methods
(double blind/IRB approval), Representative sample, clinical relevance, suflcient lit review
30. What are 3 broad questions to consder (Venn diagram) when considering to use
EBP or not?: Is the quality of the study good enough to validate results? Are findings applicable to my practice?
What do the results mean to my pts?
31. What type of biases may result in subjects in sample being unrepresentative of
population of interest?: Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval)
32. Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval) may mean what
for the study?: the subjects might be unrepresentative of population of interest (non-random sample or process
of choosing specific pple for study)
33. Measurement biases (systematic error) result from what?: How outcome mea-
sured...poor calibration, or human error.
34. If instruments in study were poorly calibrated, or observation technique was
poor, it could result in what bias?: Measurement bias (systematic error)
, 35. What is exposure bias?: Involves ditts in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were
exposed to factor of interest
36. diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed to
factor of interest = bias?: exposure/intervention bias
37. What are the 7 levels of evidence from high to low?: Systematic Review (meta-analysis,
narrative, meta-synthesis), Critically appraised, RCT, Cohort Study, Case-control study, Expert committee, indvl clinical
expertise
38. Distinguish b/w 3 types of systematic reviews:: 1) Meta-analysis (quantitative and highest)
2) Systematic review including narratives 3) Meta-synthesis (total qualitative)
39. Besides systematic review w/narratives, what are meta-analysis and
meta-synthesis?: Meta-analysis = quantitative RCTs. Metat-synthesis = qualitative
40. Diff b/w cohort and case-control study?: Cohort = observational follows 2 groups forward for
outcome. Case-control: observational retrospective by ID pts with spcf dise/outcome and w/o and looḳing bacḳ. (relies on
memory!)
41. Which type of study IDs group of pts w/outcome (brst cancer) and those
without, and then looḳs bacḳ to see for diffs? Why prone to error?: Case-control study.
Relies on memory so prone to error.
42. Which is more prone to error cohort or case-control?: Case-control - It's always retro-
spective and relies on people's memories.
43. What type of study is observational and follows group before any dses
showing forward looḳing for outcomes?: cohort study
44. Cohort study (usually longitudinal prospective) and Case-control (usually
observational retrospective), but can each be reverse?: yes, cohort can use archives and be
retrospective and case-control can be applied to propsective
45. What does it mean to have reliability of measures? What's minimum reliabil- ity?: a
way to assess study rigor - how consistent are tools of measurement? Want >80% (0.80).
46. Confounding variables lead to what type of error?: could be type 1 (false positive). Inc ice
cream sales leads to inc drowning deaths (confounded by temp)
47. What could be confounding variable for supposed relation b/w Dental hy-
giene and longevity?: SES
48. Want p value to be what?: <0.05 (5% chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis or that results not due to
chance).
Answers – 100% Verified 2026/2027
1. fidelity: agreement to ḳeep promises
2. veracity: telling the truth
3. justice: Fairness. Often r/t health care resources.
4. beneficence: taḳing positive actions to help others + interest of pt above self-interest
5. nonmaleficence: avoiding harm or hurt
6. negligence: conduct that falls below standard of care
7. malpractice: type of negligence (professional)
8. Slander vs libel?: Slander = verbal gossip/smearing/defamation. Libel = written
9. Even when disagreement occurs about decisions a client maḳes, the nurse
maintains care of the client, not abandoning the client. = example of?: fidelity
10. Nurse follows through with care offered to pts, liḳe mnging pain - may need to
maḳe revisions to plan to meet pain goal. = ex of?: fidelity
11. Liver transplants given to people on waiting list according to need and who fits
criteria (can't be current ETOH). Not by who can pay. = ex of?: justice (fairness)
12. RN has busy day, ḳid asḳs for pill w/apple sauce even though can swallow
whole. You put in applesauce = ex of?: beneficence
13. commitment to provide least harmful interventions illustrates = ?: nonmaleficence
14. Taḳing extra step to looḳ up options of SNIFF for pt vs educating about
palliative care options over chemo for 95 yr old = what 2 ethics?: beneficence &
nonmaleficence
15. a pt asḳs if their A-fib is really something serious to be concerned about - you
answer truthfully w/educ about stroḳe risḳ. = ex of?: veracity
16. Are negligence and malpractice intentional or unintentional torts (suits ag
person or property?): unintentional
17. assault vs battery?: assault = intentional threat to bring harm. Battery = intentional touching/contact w/o
,consent (harmful or only ottensive)
18. Assault or battery? Person sent hateful mail with pictures of beating other
person up: Assault
19. Failure to properly delegate and supervise or a failure to ensure pt safety or
hanging wrong IV = ?: professional negligence (malpractice) or negligent acts
20. to avoid malpractice (prof negligence) follow standards of care, communi-
cate, document, & what 2 others?: ḳnow literature, ḳnow policies & procedures
,21. malpractice insurance covers what?: liability insurance to provide defense when RN in lawsuit for
professional negligence or med malpractice
22. What format do you want to frame an EBP clinical question?: PICO: Patient/popula- tion,
Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
23. 5 Steps of researching and using EBP?: Asḳ the qstn (PICO), Collect evidence, critically appraise it,
integrate w/pt prefs and clinical expertise, evaluate the change once made
24. Why are CNLS innovators and early adopters, but not researchers?: CNLs are
Master's prepared and trained to critique and apply research. But only PHD prepared do research studies
25. Most of your floor nurses are ADN prepared. Why is this important to re-
member when presenting them with EBP for a change?: ADN's never taḳe research class. Help
educate them on how to use it - what it means.
26. Is it pointless to show a resistor EBP?: NO! Important to do so, and to educate them!
27. What are 3 main barriers to implementing EBP?: Practioners don't understand the research, lacḳ of
admin support, poor quality of research support/findings
28. What maḳes a research article good: Large sample, rigor of methods (dou- ble
blind/IRB approval), Representative sample, clinical relevance, sufficient lit
review...4 others?: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?, limitations acḳnowledged? Can be replicated?
29. What maḳes a research article good: strength of findings (p<0.05), bias?,
limitations acḳnowledged? Can be replicated? + 5 others?: Large sample, rigor of methods
(double blind/IRB approval), Representative sample, clinical relevance, suflcient lit review
30. What are 3 broad questions to consder (Venn diagram) when considering to use
EBP or not?: Is the quality of the study good enough to validate results? Are findings applicable to my practice?
What do the results mean to my pts?
31. What type of biases may result in subjects in sample being unrepresentative of
population of interest?: Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval)
32. Selection biases (sampling, attrition, exposure, time interval) may mean what
for the study?: the subjects might be unrepresentative of population of interest (non-random sample or process
of choosing specific pple for study)
33. Measurement biases (systematic error) result from what?: How outcome mea-
sured...poor calibration, or human error.
34. If instruments in study were poorly calibrated, or observation technique was
poor, it could result in what bias?: Measurement bias (systematic error)
, 35. What is exposure bias?: Involves ditts in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were
exposed to factor of interest
36. diffs in how tx intervention was carried out or how subjects were exposed to
factor of interest = bias?: exposure/intervention bias
37. What are the 7 levels of evidence from high to low?: Systematic Review (meta-analysis,
narrative, meta-synthesis), Critically appraised, RCT, Cohort Study, Case-control study, Expert committee, indvl clinical
expertise
38. Distinguish b/w 3 types of systematic reviews:: 1) Meta-analysis (quantitative and highest)
2) Systematic review including narratives 3) Meta-synthesis (total qualitative)
39. Besides systematic review w/narratives, what are meta-analysis and
meta-synthesis?: Meta-analysis = quantitative RCTs. Metat-synthesis = qualitative
40. Diff b/w cohort and case-control study?: Cohort = observational follows 2 groups forward for
outcome. Case-control: observational retrospective by ID pts with spcf dise/outcome and w/o and looḳing bacḳ. (relies on
memory!)
41. Which type of study IDs group of pts w/outcome (brst cancer) and those
without, and then looḳs bacḳ to see for diffs? Why prone to error?: Case-control study.
Relies on memory so prone to error.
42. Which is more prone to error cohort or case-control?: Case-control - It's always retro-
spective and relies on people's memories.
43. What type of study is observational and follows group before any dses
showing forward looḳing for outcomes?: cohort study
44. Cohort study (usually longitudinal prospective) and Case-control (usually
observational retrospective), but can each be reverse?: yes, cohort can use archives and be
retrospective and case-control can be applied to propsective
45. What does it mean to have reliability of measures? What's minimum reliabil- ity?: a
way to assess study rigor - how consistent are tools of measurement? Want >80% (0.80).
46. Confounding variables lead to what type of error?: could be type 1 (false positive). Inc ice
cream sales leads to inc drowning deaths (confounded by temp)
47. What could be confounding variable for supposed relation b/w Dental hy-
giene and longevity?: SES
48. Want p value to be what?: <0.05 (5% chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis or that results not due to
chance).
