CWS Exam UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the term for the tissue layer which lies directly under the dermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Subcutis/Hypodermis
What is the name for the junction between the dermis and epidermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Basement membrane
What are four components of the basement membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibronectin,
Type IV collagen, Heparin Sulfate proteoglycan, Glycosaminoglycan
What are the five layers of the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER Strata corneum, strata
lucidum, strata granulosum, stata spinosum, Straum basale
What are keratinocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelial cells that provide outermost cellular
barrier to environment
How frequently does epidermis regenerate? - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6 weeks
What pigment produced by melanocytes is found in the epidermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Melanin
What anchors the epidermis to the dermis? - CORRECT ANSWER Rete pegs
What is the thickest layer of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER Dermis
Describe two layers of the dermis and explain their characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
Papillary- Composed of collagen, vascular suppply from deep plexus, has papillae projecting to
epidermis
2. Reticular- composed of collagen bundles that anchor subcutaneous tissue, vascular supply from
superficial plexus
, What is the location and function of the fibroblast? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibroblasts arise
from the dermis. They remodel the ECM through secretion of MMPs
What factors stimulate fibroblast proliferation? - CORRECT ANSWER PDGF, EGF, FGF, and
hypoxia at the wound center
Fibroblasts play a key role in ECM deposition of which types of proteins? - CORRECT
ANSWER Collagen, Elastin, Reticulin, Proteoglycans, and GAG
Which fibroblasts have contractile properties? - CORRECT ANSWER Myofibroblasts
What role to myofibroblasts play in hypertrophic scarring? - CORRECT ANSWER Their
activity persists, leading to tissue deformation and contractures
What is the role of the ECM? - CORRECT ANSWER Provides a scaffold for cellular function
What is a cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) and what are five classes of CAM proteins? -
CORRECT ANSWER CAMs recognize and bind similar proteins on cells or ECM components
1. Cadherins 2. Immunoglobulin superfamily 3. Mucins 4. Integrins 5. Selectins
Monocytes are recruited to the wound through homing mechanisms and become this cell, whose
function is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Macrophages- ingest and destroy debris
How do macrophages respond to a hypoxic environment? - CORRECT ANSWER They
promote angiogenesis
Which cells are the last to arrive during the proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWER T
lymphocytes
Name 3 functions of T lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Directly target and kill antigen-
bearing cells
2. Activate macrophages or B lymphocytes
3. Down regulate inflammation and proliferation and wound approaches maturity
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the term for the tissue layer which lies directly under the dermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Subcutis/Hypodermis
What is the name for the junction between the dermis and epidermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Basement membrane
What are four components of the basement membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibronectin,
Type IV collagen, Heparin Sulfate proteoglycan, Glycosaminoglycan
What are the five layers of the epidermis? - CORRECT ANSWER Strata corneum, strata
lucidum, strata granulosum, stata spinosum, Straum basale
What are keratinocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelial cells that provide outermost cellular
barrier to environment
How frequently does epidermis regenerate? - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6 weeks
What pigment produced by melanocytes is found in the epidermis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Melanin
What anchors the epidermis to the dermis? - CORRECT ANSWER Rete pegs
What is the thickest layer of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER Dermis
Describe two layers of the dermis and explain their characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
Papillary- Composed of collagen, vascular suppply from deep plexus, has papillae projecting to
epidermis
2. Reticular- composed of collagen bundles that anchor subcutaneous tissue, vascular supply from
superficial plexus
, What is the location and function of the fibroblast? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibroblasts arise
from the dermis. They remodel the ECM through secretion of MMPs
What factors stimulate fibroblast proliferation? - CORRECT ANSWER PDGF, EGF, FGF, and
hypoxia at the wound center
Fibroblasts play a key role in ECM deposition of which types of proteins? - CORRECT
ANSWER Collagen, Elastin, Reticulin, Proteoglycans, and GAG
Which fibroblasts have contractile properties? - CORRECT ANSWER Myofibroblasts
What role to myofibroblasts play in hypertrophic scarring? - CORRECT ANSWER Their
activity persists, leading to tissue deformation and contractures
What is the role of the ECM? - CORRECT ANSWER Provides a scaffold for cellular function
What is a cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) and what are five classes of CAM proteins? -
CORRECT ANSWER CAMs recognize and bind similar proteins on cells or ECM components
1. Cadherins 2. Immunoglobulin superfamily 3. Mucins 4. Integrins 5. Selectins
Monocytes are recruited to the wound through homing mechanisms and become this cell, whose
function is what? - CORRECT ANSWER Macrophages- ingest and destroy debris
How do macrophages respond to a hypoxic environment? - CORRECT ANSWER They
promote angiogenesis
Which cells are the last to arrive during the proliferative phase? - CORRECT ANSWER T
lymphocytes
Name 3 functions of T lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Directly target and kill antigen-
bearing cells
2. Activate macrophages or B lymphocytes
3. Down regulate inflammation and proliferation and wound approaches maturity
