BIOD 121 NUTRITION FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED EXPLANATIONS.
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of
carbohydrates in the human body?
A. Tissue repair and growth
B. Energy provision
C. Hormone synthesis
D. Insulation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy,
especially for the brain and muscles. Proteins are mainly for growth and
repair, while fats provide insulation and hormone support.
2. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for calcium absorption in the
intestines?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.
Vitamin K helps with clotting, while A and C have other roles.
3. What is the recommended energy yield per gram of fat?
A. 4 kcal
B. 7 kcal
C. 9 kcal
D. 12 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, which is more than
carbohydrates and proteins (4 kcal each) and alcohol (7 kcal).
4. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in hemoglobin?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
, C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, enabling oxygen
transport. Other minerals serve different physiological roles.
5. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to which condition?
A. Rickets
B. Scurvy
C. Pellagra
D. Beriberi
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by
bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
6. Which type of fat is most associated with increased LDL cholesterol
levels?
A. Monounsaturated fat
B. Polyunsaturated fat
C. Saturated fat
D. Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Saturated fats raise LDL cholesterol levels, increasing
cardiovascular risk.
7. What is the main storage form of glucose in the human body?
A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Starch
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles as a reserve of
glucose.
8. Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for enzyme production?
A. Carbohydrates
, B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in
the body.
9. Which condition results from a severe protein deficiency?
A. Marasmus
B. Kwashiorkor
C. Obesity
D. Anemia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency, leading to
edema and fatty liver.
10.Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble; B and C are water-
soluble.
11.What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for
carbohydrates?
A. 10–20%
B. 20–35%
C. 45–65%
D. 70–90%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45–65% of total daily
calories.
, 12.Which nutrient is most important for maintaining osmotic balance?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Sodium regulates fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the
body.
13.Which of the following is a complete protein source?
A. Beans
B. Rice
C. Eggs
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Eggs contain all essential amino acids, making them a
complete protein.
14.What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide energy
B. Enhance digestion
C. Build muscle
D. Store fat
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fiber aids digestion, prevents constipation, and supports
gut health.
15.Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for vision, particularly in low-light
conditions.
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED EXPLANATIONS.
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of
carbohydrates in the human body?
A. Tissue repair and growth
B. Energy provision
C. Hormone synthesis
D. Insulation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy,
especially for the brain and muscles. Proteins are mainly for growth and
repair, while fats provide insulation and hormone support.
2. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for calcium absorption in the
intestines?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.
Vitamin K helps with clotting, while A and C have other roles.
3. What is the recommended energy yield per gram of fat?
A. 4 kcal
B. 7 kcal
C. 9 kcal
D. 12 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, which is more than
carbohydrates and proteins (4 kcal each) and alcohol (7 kcal).
4. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in hemoglobin?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
, C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, enabling oxygen
transport. Other minerals serve different physiological roles.
5. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to which condition?
A. Rickets
B. Scurvy
C. Pellagra
D. Beriberi
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by
bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
6. Which type of fat is most associated with increased LDL cholesterol
levels?
A. Monounsaturated fat
B. Polyunsaturated fat
C. Saturated fat
D. Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Saturated fats raise LDL cholesterol levels, increasing
cardiovascular risk.
7. What is the main storage form of glucose in the human body?
A. Glycogen
B. Cellulose
C. Starch
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles as a reserve of
glucose.
8. Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for enzyme production?
A. Carbohydrates
, B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in
the body.
9. Which condition results from a severe protein deficiency?
A. Marasmus
B. Kwashiorkor
C. Obesity
D. Anemia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency, leading to
edema and fatty liver.
10.Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble; B and C are water-
soluble.
11.What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for
carbohydrates?
A. 10–20%
B. 20–35%
C. 45–65%
D. 70–90%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45–65% of total daily
calories.
, 12.Which nutrient is most important for maintaining osmotic balance?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Sodium regulates fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the
body.
13.Which of the following is a complete protein source?
A. Beans
B. Rice
C. Eggs
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Eggs contain all essential amino acids, making them a
complete protein.
14.What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide energy
B. Enhance digestion
C. Build muscle
D. Store fat
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fiber aids digestion, prevents constipation, and supports
gut health.
15.Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for vision, particularly in low-light
conditions.
