WGU D115 OA 4 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-
YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ Severe TBI GCS Score. Answer: A GCS score of 3-8 describes a
severe TBI.
◉ Obsessions. Answer: Obsessions are recurrent and persistent
thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such
as anxiety or disgust.
◉ Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Characteristics. Answer:
Impaired concentration and irritability are major characteristics of
GAD.
◉ Schizophrenia Symptoms. Answer: The characteristics of
schizophrenia are paranoia, delusions, tangential thoughts,
suspiciousness, disorganized behavior, and hallucinations.
◉ Acute Otitis Media. Answer: The classic presentation of otitis
media is otalgia, muffled hearing, popping sensation, and a recent
history of a cold or flare up of allergic rhinitis.
,◉ Peritonsillar Abscess. Answer: Peritonsillar abscess is
characterized by severe sore throat, pain or difficulty swallowing,
jaw muscle spasms, and a hot potato voice.
◉ Graves' Disease. Answer: Graves' disease, an autoimmune
condition also known as 'diffuse toxic goiter' is the most common
cause of hyperthyroidism in this age group.
◉ Insulin Resistance Finding. Answer: Triglycerides > 150mg/dL is
associated with increasing insulin resistance.
◉ Postprandial Glucose Level Influencer. Answer: Carbohydrate is a
macronutrient with the greatest impact on the postprandial glucose
levels.
◉ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Answer: Type 1 DM is associated with
beta cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency resulting
in significant hyperglycemia and potential for ketoacidosis.
◉ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors. Answer: Major risk factors
are heredity and obesity.
◉ Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor. Answer: Oral contraceptives have
been shown to reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer.
,◉ Mixed Precocious Puberty. Answer: Mixed precocious puberty
cases the child to develop some secondary characteristics of the
opposite sex, such as the feminization of a boy.
◉ Delayed Puberty Cause. Answer: In 95% of cases, delayed puberty
is physiologic in nature.
◉ Priapism Association. Answer: Priapism has been associated with
the abuse of certain substances.
◉ Priapism. Answer: Prolonged penile erection, often idiopathic.
◉ Cocaine. Answer: Substance associated with priapism.
◉ Ovulation. Answer: Triggered by a sudden increase of LH.
◉ Follicular cyst. Answer: Develops when no dominant follicle
matures.
◉ Benign ovarian cyst. Answer: Functional cyst from incomplete
follicle maturation.
◉ Genetic counseling. Answer: Advisory service for individuals at
genetic risk.
, ◉ Maternal age. Answer: Common reason for seeking genetic
counseling.
◉ Amniocentesis. Answer: Procedure to perform genetic studies on
fetus.
◉ Turner Syndrome. Answer: Condition with monosomy X in
affected cells.
◉ Cri du chat syndrome. Answer: Genetic disorder with distinctive
cat-like cry.
◉ Adaptive immunity. Answer: Immune response mediated by T and
B cells.
◉ Minimally conscious state. Answer: Patient shows limited but
definite responses.
◉ Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Answer: Severe lung
inflammation with bilateral infiltrates.
◉ Capillary hydrostatic pressure. Answer: Increased pressure
causing pulmonary edema.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-
YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ Severe TBI GCS Score. Answer: A GCS score of 3-8 describes a
severe TBI.
◉ Obsessions. Answer: Obsessions are recurrent and persistent
thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such
as anxiety or disgust.
◉ Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Characteristics. Answer:
Impaired concentration and irritability are major characteristics of
GAD.
◉ Schizophrenia Symptoms. Answer: The characteristics of
schizophrenia are paranoia, delusions, tangential thoughts,
suspiciousness, disorganized behavior, and hallucinations.
◉ Acute Otitis Media. Answer: The classic presentation of otitis
media is otalgia, muffled hearing, popping sensation, and a recent
history of a cold or flare up of allergic rhinitis.
,◉ Peritonsillar Abscess. Answer: Peritonsillar abscess is
characterized by severe sore throat, pain or difficulty swallowing,
jaw muscle spasms, and a hot potato voice.
◉ Graves' Disease. Answer: Graves' disease, an autoimmune
condition also known as 'diffuse toxic goiter' is the most common
cause of hyperthyroidism in this age group.
◉ Insulin Resistance Finding. Answer: Triglycerides > 150mg/dL is
associated with increasing insulin resistance.
◉ Postprandial Glucose Level Influencer. Answer: Carbohydrate is a
macronutrient with the greatest impact on the postprandial glucose
levels.
◉ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Answer: Type 1 DM is associated with
beta cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency resulting
in significant hyperglycemia and potential for ketoacidosis.
◉ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors. Answer: Major risk factors
are heredity and obesity.
◉ Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor. Answer: Oral contraceptives have
been shown to reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer.
,◉ Mixed Precocious Puberty. Answer: Mixed precocious puberty
cases the child to develop some secondary characteristics of the
opposite sex, such as the feminization of a boy.
◉ Delayed Puberty Cause. Answer: In 95% of cases, delayed puberty
is physiologic in nature.
◉ Priapism Association. Answer: Priapism has been associated with
the abuse of certain substances.
◉ Priapism. Answer: Prolonged penile erection, often idiopathic.
◉ Cocaine. Answer: Substance associated with priapism.
◉ Ovulation. Answer: Triggered by a sudden increase of LH.
◉ Follicular cyst. Answer: Develops when no dominant follicle
matures.
◉ Benign ovarian cyst. Answer: Functional cyst from incomplete
follicle maturation.
◉ Genetic counseling. Answer: Advisory service for individuals at
genetic risk.
, ◉ Maternal age. Answer: Common reason for seeking genetic
counseling.
◉ Amniocentesis. Answer: Procedure to perform genetic studies on
fetus.
◉ Turner Syndrome. Answer: Condition with monosomy X in
affected cells.
◉ Cri du chat syndrome. Answer: Genetic disorder with distinctive
cat-like cry.
◉ Adaptive immunity. Answer: Immune response mediated by T and
B cells.
◉ Minimally conscious state. Answer: Patient shows limited but
definite responses.
◉ Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Answer: Severe lung
inflammation with bilateral infiltrates.
◉ Capillary hydrostatic pressure. Answer: Increased pressure
causing pulmonary edema.
