TEMPLATE - BREAST COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Modified radical mastectomy.
Answer: Removal of breast and axillary lymph nodes
◍ TAH-BSO.
Answer: Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral
salpingo-oophorectomy
◍ What are the symptoms of uterine prolapse?.
Answer: Feeling of fullness in the vaginal area and mass protruding from the
introitus or vagina.
◍ Vesicovaginal fistula.
Answer: Connection between bladder and vagina causing urine leakage
◍ PCOS diagnostic criteria.
Answer: 2 of 3: irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries
◍ Breast MRI.
Answer: Used for high-risk patients such as BRCA mutation carriers
◍ Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Answer: Physical and emotional symptoms before menses
◍ What is the most beneficial diagnostic test for a cystocele?.
Answer: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).
◍ Pessary.
Answer: Device inserted into vagina to support prolapsed organs
, ◍ Candidiasis.
Answer: White cottage cheese discharge, itching, hyphae on microscopy
◍ Fibroadenoma.
Answer: Firm, rubbery, mobile, non-tender breast mass common in ages
15-30
◍ Sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Answer: Removal of first draining lymph nodes to check for metastasis
◍ What diagnostic study may aid in the diagnosis of a rectocele?.
Answer: Barium x-ray.
◍ What are the internal structures of the female reproductive system?.
Answer: Vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
◍ Post-hysterectomy complications.
Answer: DVT, PE, infection, ileus
◍ HPV vaccine.
Answer: Prevents oncogenic HPV strains; recommended at 11-12 years
◍ What are red flags for ovarian cancer?.
Answer: Positive family history of ovarian cancer and personal history of
other gynecological or breast malignancies.
◍ Aromatase inhibitors.
Answer: Block estrogen production in postmenopausal women
◍ Lumpectomy.
Answer: Removal of tumor with clear margins; followed by radiation
◍ HER2-positive breast cancer.
Answer: Aggressive cancer treatable with trastuzumab
◍ What is uterine prolapse?.
Answer: Downward placement of the uterus into the vaginal canal, often
occurring in older, multiparous women.