WGU D203 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ 2 types of Respiration.
Answer: external respiration and internal respiration
◍ adrenal glands.
Answer: a pair of endocrine structures that sit on top of each kidney. These
glands have an outer layer known as the adrenal cortex and an inner layer
called the adrenal medulla. They produce many important hormones and
help regulate several bodily functions, including the fight-or-flight response
that prepares your body to deal with perceived danger.
◍ Role of Red blood cells.
Answer: deliver oxygenated blood throughout your body and collect carbon
dioxide (deoxygenated blood) from around your body. The red blood cells
transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
◍ What is the function of peristalsis in the urinary system?.
Answer: To transport urine through the ureter
◍ Dermis.
Answer: the inner layer of skin made up of containing blood vessels, nerve
endings, hair follicles, and glands. The glands in this layer include oil and
sweat. The dermis layer is a thicker layer
◍ Axial muscles are located in the.
Answer: head, neck, and trunk of the body, while appendicular muscles are
located in the arms, legs, hands, and feet.
,◍ sesamoid.
Answer: small and rounded; embedded in tendons; protect tendons from
compressive forces; e.g. patella
◍ What do platelets do?.
Answer: platelets play a role in blood clotting
◍ sinuses.
Answer: air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity; warms
and humidifies air that moves through nasal cavity, cleans air, and lightens
weight of skull
◍ The 3 divisions of the small intestine.
Answer: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
◍ immunity.
Answer: resistance to disease
◍ pineal gland.
Answer: located behind hypothalamus; secretes melatonin
◍ innate immune system.
Answer: a subset of the human immune system that produces rapid but
nonspecific responses to pathogens. Innate immune responses are generic,
rather than tailored to a particular pathogen. The innate system responds in
the same general way to every pathogen it encounters. Although the innate
immune system provides immediate and rapid defenses against pathogens, it
does not provide long-lasting immunity to them.
◍ somatic nervous system.
Answer: part of PNS that controls voluntary actions
◍ peristalsis (upper GI).
Answer: a distinctive pattern of smooth muscle contractions that propels
foodstuffs through the esophagus and intestines. Peristalsis is so powerful
that foods and liquids you swallow enter your stomach even if you are
standing on your head
,◍ chemical digestion.
Answer: starting in the mouth, digestive secretions break down complex
food molecules into their chemical building blocks (e.g., proteins break
down into separate amino acids).2
◍ menarche.
Answer: the first menstrual period
◍ ossification.
Answer: process in which bone tissue is created from cartilage
◍ Involuntary muscles function automatically,.
Answer: while voluntary muscles require our intent.
◍ bladder.
Answer: muscular pouch attached to ureters and urethra, located behind
pubic bone and in front of rectum
◍ midbrain.
Answer: smallest region of the brain. Topmost part of the brainstem,
connecting hindbrain and forebrain
◍ follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Answer: travel to the ovaries in females and the testes in males. FSH causes
the production of sex cells in males and females. it is a hormone that is
released in puberty to initiate the production of sperm in males
◍ immunity.
Answer: the condition that permits either natural or acquired resistance to
disease
◍ How long can the brain go without oxygen before brain damage occurs?.
Answer: brain damage can occur after three or four minutes without oxygen
◍ myelin sheath.
Answer: a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many
neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses
, ◍ lymphocyte.
Answer: a type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off
infections
◍ digestive system.
Answer: body system including series of hollow organs joined in long
twisting tube; breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood
for distribution to body cells; includes gastrointestinal tract and accessory
organs
◍ Short Bones.
Answer: Generally equal in width and length. Mainly composed of spongy
bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone. ALLOW SMALL
AMOUNTS OF VARIED MOVEMENT WHEN ARTICULATED
TOGETHER
◍ What does the cell body do?.
Answer: Contains genetic information of the neuron, maintains its structure,
and provides it with energy.
◍ Proximal.
Answer: Position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or trunk
of the body.
◍ Main function of the PNS.
Answer: carrying info from the body, delivering it to the brain, and sending
commands from the brain to the rest of the body
◍ The bones of the skeleton are divided into two divisions:.
Answer: axial and appendicular
◍ Where does the right atrium receive blood from?.
Answer: The right atrium receives blood from the upper and lower body
◍ purpose of scrotum.
Answer: protect/support testes and thermoregulation
◍ How is carbon dioxide removed from your body?.
AND PHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ 2 types of Respiration.
Answer: external respiration and internal respiration
◍ adrenal glands.
Answer: a pair of endocrine structures that sit on top of each kidney. These
glands have an outer layer known as the adrenal cortex and an inner layer
called the adrenal medulla. They produce many important hormones and
help regulate several bodily functions, including the fight-or-flight response
that prepares your body to deal with perceived danger.
◍ Role of Red blood cells.
Answer: deliver oxygenated blood throughout your body and collect carbon
dioxide (deoxygenated blood) from around your body. The red blood cells
transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
◍ What is the function of peristalsis in the urinary system?.
Answer: To transport urine through the ureter
◍ Dermis.
Answer: the inner layer of skin made up of containing blood vessels, nerve
endings, hair follicles, and glands. The glands in this layer include oil and
sweat. The dermis layer is a thicker layer
◍ Axial muscles are located in the.
Answer: head, neck, and trunk of the body, while appendicular muscles are
located in the arms, legs, hands, and feet.
,◍ sesamoid.
Answer: small and rounded; embedded in tendons; protect tendons from
compressive forces; e.g. patella
◍ What do platelets do?.
Answer: platelets play a role in blood clotting
◍ sinuses.
Answer: air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity; warms
and humidifies air that moves through nasal cavity, cleans air, and lightens
weight of skull
◍ The 3 divisions of the small intestine.
Answer: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
◍ immunity.
Answer: resistance to disease
◍ pineal gland.
Answer: located behind hypothalamus; secretes melatonin
◍ innate immune system.
Answer: a subset of the human immune system that produces rapid but
nonspecific responses to pathogens. Innate immune responses are generic,
rather than tailored to a particular pathogen. The innate system responds in
the same general way to every pathogen it encounters. Although the innate
immune system provides immediate and rapid defenses against pathogens, it
does not provide long-lasting immunity to them.
◍ somatic nervous system.
Answer: part of PNS that controls voluntary actions
◍ peristalsis (upper GI).
Answer: a distinctive pattern of smooth muscle contractions that propels
foodstuffs through the esophagus and intestines. Peristalsis is so powerful
that foods and liquids you swallow enter your stomach even if you are
standing on your head
,◍ chemical digestion.
Answer: starting in the mouth, digestive secretions break down complex
food molecules into their chemical building blocks (e.g., proteins break
down into separate amino acids).2
◍ menarche.
Answer: the first menstrual period
◍ ossification.
Answer: process in which bone tissue is created from cartilage
◍ Involuntary muscles function automatically,.
Answer: while voluntary muscles require our intent.
◍ bladder.
Answer: muscular pouch attached to ureters and urethra, located behind
pubic bone and in front of rectum
◍ midbrain.
Answer: smallest region of the brain. Topmost part of the brainstem,
connecting hindbrain and forebrain
◍ follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Answer: travel to the ovaries in females and the testes in males. FSH causes
the production of sex cells in males and females. it is a hormone that is
released in puberty to initiate the production of sperm in males
◍ immunity.
Answer: the condition that permits either natural or acquired resistance to
disease
◍ How long can the brain go without oxygen before brain damage occurs?.
Answer: brain damage can occur after three or four minutes without oxygen
◍ myelin sheath.
Answer: a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many
neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses
, ◍ lymphocyte.
Answer: a type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off
infections
◍ digestive system.
Answer: body system including series of hollow organs joined in long
twisting tube; breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood
for distribution to body cells; includes gastrointestinal tract and accessory
organs
◍ Short Bones.
Answer: Generally equal in width and length. Mainly composed of spongy
bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone. ALLOW SMALL
AMOUNTS OF VARIED MOVEMENT WHEN ARTICULATED
TOGETHER
◍ What does the cell body do?.
Answer: Contains genetic information of the neuron, maintains its structure,
and provides it with energy.
◍ Proximal.
Answer: Position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or trunk
of the body.
◍ Main function of the PNS.
Answer: carrying info from the body, delivering it to the brain, and sending
commands from the brain to the rest of the body
◍ The bones of the skeleton are divided into two divisions:.
Answer: axial and appendicular
◍ Where does the right atrium receive blood from?.
Answer: The right atrium receives blood from the upper and lower body
◍ purpose of scrotum.
Answer: protect/support testes and thermoregulation
◍ How is carbon dioxide removed from your body?.
