WGU D203 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ hypophyseal portal system.
Answer: system of blood vessels in the brain that connects the hypothalamus
with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is the transport and exchange of
hormones to allow a fast communication between both glands. The
fenestrated structure of capillaries in the hypophyseal portal system
facilitates a rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and the pituitary,
with only a small amount of hormones needed to stimulate an accurate
effect in the respective target organs in the body.
◍ Renal tubule or loop of Henle.
Answer: Function is reabsorption, Epithelial cells actively transport some
substances from the tubular fluid back into blood. Other substances, such as
water, are passively reabsorbed in some segments.
◍ Basal cells.
Answer: These are an example of tissue-specific stem cells, meaning they
can turn into a variety of cell types found in that tissue. Under normal
conditions, daughter basal cells most commonly replace lost keratinocytes.
◍ Monosaccharide.
Answer: 1 sugar monomer, glucose: examples many plants, fruits, honey,
sport drink, fructose: examples fruit, honey, sweetener
◍ Primary endocrine glands.
Answer: Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, testes and
, ovaries
◍ Vertebral canal.
Answer: Contains the spinal cord and is enclosed by the bones that compose
the spinal column also known as the spinal cavity
◍ Hypoglossal nerve.
Answer: motor, tongue movements
◍ Closed Circulatory System.
Answer: The blood of a closed system always flows inside vessels.
◍ Corpus Callosum.
Answer: Connects cerebral hemispheres, relaying sensory information
between them. Allows left and right hemispheres to share information, helps
to unify attention.
◍ Anterior Pituitary.
Answer: Growth Hormone- affects all Tissues and promotes growth.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) affects the Adrenal Cortex and
stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Gonadotropins
affects the (Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing Hormone)
◍ Accessory nerve.
Answer: motor, swallowing, and head, neck, shoulder movement
◍ Ligaments.
Answer: Band-like elastic structures that surrounds joints to hold them
together. These structures connect one bone to another and allow movement
in specific directions.
◍ Hematopoiesis.
Answer: Process of creating new blood cells in the body. Haematopoietoc
stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have
the unique ability to give produce all different blood cell types and tissues.
◍ Methods of communication.
Answer: Components of the feedback loop that are necessary in order for it
, to function. This often occurs through nerves or hormones. In some cases
the receptors and control centers are the same structures so there is no need
for these signaling modes in that part of the loop
◍ Total Lung Capacity.
Answer: Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve
Volume + Residual Volume or Lung capacity is vital capacity plus residual
volume
◍ Vestibulocochlear nerve.
Answer: sensory, hearing and equilibrium
◍ Lumbar Plexus.
Answer: 1st 4 lumbar nerves L1-L4 and T12 the last thoracic nerve. The
ventral rami of the 4th lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the
lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus, nerves pass in front of the hip joint
and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh
◍ Ventral.
Answer: Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
◍ Peripheral nervous system or PNS.
Answer: Comprised of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, brings sensory
information to or carries motor output from the CNS to initiate a reaction.
Contains 3 types of nerves 1) sensory 2) motor 3) mixed
◍ Femoral.
Answer: Upper leg
◍ Lipases.
Answer: enzymes that contribute to fat digestion by breaking down lipids.
Lingual lipase located in the mouth in saliva, most active in the stomach.
Gastric lipase located in the stomach. Pancreatic lipase located in the
pancreas and most active in the small intestine.
◍ Superficial.
Answer: Toward or on the surface
, ◍ Pelvic.
Answer: Around the pelvis
◍ Synaptic terminals.
Answer: Branches formed at the end of the axon away from the soma.
◍ Negative feedback loop.
Answer: Change in a given direction causes change in the opposite
direction. An example is the way our body helps maintain normal body
temperature.
◍ Thymus.
Answer: Lobular structure that contains immature lymphocytes. As the
lymphocytes mature they leave the thymus to attack infected cells in the
lymphatic tissues throughout the body
◍ Semicircular ducts.
Answer: Location: Temporal bone petrous part Description:Three
membranous semicircular ducts within bony canals Orientation of ducts in
perpendicular planesComment: Organ of equilibrium
◍ Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).
Answer: Maximum volume that can be inhaled after a normal inhale
◍ Humerus, radius, ulna.
Answer: Bones of the arm
◍ Bipolar neurons.
Answer: have a single dendrite extending from one side of the cell body and
a single axon extending from the other side, found in the special sense
organs for vision and olfaction.
◍ Fascicles.
Answer: Skeletal myocytes are organized into groups, or bundles, called
fascicles. Each fascicle contains many long myocytes bound by a middle
layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Similar to the epimysium,
the perimysium contains collagen fibers, but the perimysium also contains
AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ hypophyseal portal system.
Answer: system of blood vessels in the brain that connects the hypothalamus
with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is the transport and exchange of
hormones to allow a fast communication between both glands. The
fenestrated structure of capillaries in the hypophyseal portal system
facilitates a rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and the pituitary,
with only a small amount of hormones needed to stimulate an accurate
effect in the respective target organs in the body.
◍ Renal tubule or loop of Henle.
Answer: Function is reabsorption, Epithelial cells actively transport some
substances from the tubular fluid back into blood. Other substances, such as
water, are passively reabsorbed in some segments.
◍ Basal cells.
Answer: These are an example of tissue-specific stem cells, meaning they
can turn into a variety of cell types found in that tissue. Under normal
conditions, daughter basal cells most commonly replace lost keratinocytes.
◍ Monosaccharide.
Answer: 1 sugar monomer, glucose: examples many plants, fruits, honey,
sport drink, fructose: examples fruit, honey, sweetener
◍ Primary endocrine glands.
Answer: Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, testes and
, ovaries
◍ Vertebral canal.
Answer: Contains the spinal cord and is enclosed by the bones that compose
the spinal column also known as the spinal cavity
◍ Hypoglossal nerve.
Answer: motor, tongue movements
◍ Closed Circulatory System.
Answer: The blood of a closed system always flows inside vessels.
◍ Corpus Callosum.
Answer: Connects cerebral hemispheres, relaying sensory information
between them. Allows left and right hemispheres to share information, helps
to unify attention.
◍ Anterior Pituitary.
Answer: Growth Hormone- affects all Tissues and promotes growth.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) affects the Adrenal Cortex and
stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Gonadotropins
affects the (Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing Hormone)
◍ Accessory nerve.
Answer: motor, swallowing, and head, neck, shoulder movement
◍ Ligaments.
Answer: Band-like elastic structures that surrounds joints to hold them
together. These structures connect one bone to another and allow movement
in specific directions.
◍ Hematopoiesis.
Answer: Process of creating new blood cells in the body. Haematopoietoc
stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have
the unique ability to give produce all different blood cell types and tissues.
◍ Methods of communication.
Answer: Components of the feedback loop that are necessary in order for it
, to function. This often occurs through nerves or hormones. In some cases
the receptors and control centers are the same structures so there is no need
for these signaling modes in that part of the loop
◍ Total Lung Capacity.
Answer: Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve
Volume + Residual Volume or Lung capacity is vital capacity plus residual
volume
◍ Vestibulocochlear nerve.
Answer: sensory, hearing and equilibrium
◍ Lumbar Plexus.
Answer: 1st 4 lumbar nerves L1-L4 and T12 the last thoracic nerve. The
ventral rami of the 4th lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the
lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus, nerves pass in front of the hip joint
and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh
◍ Ventral.
Answer: Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
◍ Peripheral nervous system or PNS.
Answer: Comprised of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, brings sensory
information to or carries motor output from the CNS to initiate a reaction.
Contains 3 types of nerves 1) sensory 2) motor 3) mixed
◍ Femoral.
Answer: Upper leg
◍ Lipases.
Answer: enzymes that contribute to fat digestion by breaking down lipids.
Lingual lipase located in the mouth in saliva, most active in the stomach.
Gastric lipase located in the stomach. Pancreatic lipase located in the
pancreas and most active in the small intestine.
◍ Superficial.
Answer: Toward or on the surface
, ◍ Pelvic.
Answer: Around the pelvis
◍ Synaptic terminals.
Answer: Branches formed at the end of the axon away from the soma.
◍ Negative feedback loop.
Answer: Change in a given direction causes change in the opposite
direction. An example is the way our body helps maintain normal body
temperature.
◍ Thymus.
Answer: Lobular structure that contains immature lymphocytes. As the
lymphocytes mature they leave the thymus to attack infected cells in the
lymphatic tissues throughout the body
◍ Semicircular ducts.
Answer: Location: Temporal bone petrous part Description:Three
membranous semicircular ducts within bony canals Orientation of ducts in
perpendicular planesComment: Organ of equilibrium
◍ Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).
Answer: Maximum volume that can be inhaled after a normal inhale
◍ Humerus, radius, ulna.
Answer: Bones of the arm
◍ Bipolar neurons.
Answer: have a single dendrite extending from one side of the cell body and
a single axon extending from the other side, found in the special sense
organs for vision and olfaction.
◍ Fascicles.
Answer: Skeletal myocytes are organized into groups, or bundles, called
fascicles. Each fascicle contains many long myocytes bound by a middle
layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Similar to the epimysium,
the perimysium contains collagen fibers, but the perimysium also contains
