NUR 603 Pharm Practice questions with correct answers

NUR 603 Pharm Practice questions with
correct answers

Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve
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terminals. Which is a possible effect of botulinum toxin?
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A. Skeletal Muscle paralysis
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B. Improvement of myasthenia gravis symptoms
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C. Increased salivation
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D. Reduced heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A. Acetylcholine released by
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cholinergic neurons acts on nicotinic receptors in the skeletal muscle cells to
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cause contraction. Therefore, blockade of ACh release causes skeletal muscle
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paralysis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune diseases where antibodies are
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produced against nicotinic receptors. A reduction in ACH release therefore
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worsens (not improves) the symptoms of this condition. Reduction in ACh release
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by botulinum toxin causes reduction in secretions including saliva (not increase in
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salivation ), causing dry mouth and an increase (not reduction ) in heart rate cut
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to reduce vagal activity.
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A patient develops urinary retention after an abdominal surgery. Urinary
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obstruction was ruled out in this patient. Which strategy would be helpful in
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promoting urination? |




A. Activating nicotinic receptors
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B. Inhibiting the release of acetylcholine
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C. Inhibiting cholinesterase enzyme
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, D. Blocking muscarinic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C. Inhibiting
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cholinesterase enzyme |




Activation of muscarinic receptors in the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder
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can promote urination in patients where the tone of detrusor muscle is low.
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Inhibiting cholinesterase enzyme increases the levels of acetylcholine, and
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acetylcholine can increase the tone of the detrusor muscle. There are no nicotinic
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|receptors in the detrusor muscle; therefore, activation of nicotinic receptors is
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not helpful. Inhibiting the release of acetylcholine or blocking muscarinic
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receptors worsens urinary retention.| | |




Which of the following drugs could theoretically improve asthma symptoms?
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A. Bethanechol
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B. Pilocarpine
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C. Pyridostigmine
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D. Atropine - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D. Muscarinic agonists and drugs that
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increase acetylcholine levels cause constriction of bronchial smooth muscles and
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could exacerbate asthma symptoms. Bethanechol and pilocarpine are muscarinic
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agonists, and pyrodstigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases levels of
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acetylcholine. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonists and therefore does not
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exacerbate asthma. theoretically, it should relieve symptoms of asthma (not used
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clinically for this purpose).
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If an ophthalmologist wants to dilate the pupils for an eye examination, which
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drug/class of drugs is theoretically useful?| | | | |




A. Muscarinic receptor activator (agonist)
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B. Muscarinic receptor inhibitor (antagonist)
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C. Pilocarpine
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