COMSAE Drugs Questions and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct.

Warfarin- Clinical Use - ️️Chronic anticoagulation Warfarin- Pregnancy - ️️CI in pregnant women--crosses placenta Warfarin- AE - ️️Bleeding, tissue necrosis Warfarin- Mechanism - ️️Interferes w/ vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X, C, S) Warfarin- Pathway, effect on PT/INR - ️️Extrinsic factor, increased PT Digoxin- MOA - ️️Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase -- indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange Increased Calcium concentration -- positive ionotropy. Stimulates vagus nerve -- decrease HR Digoxin- Clinical use - ️️Heart failure (increase contractility) atrial fibrillation (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA node) Digoxin- AE - ️️Hyperkalemia, blurry yellow vision, arrhythmias, AV block Digoxin Toxicity- Treatment - ️️Slowly normalize K+, cardiac pacer, anti-digoxin Fab fragments, Mg+ Beta Blockers- Mechanism - ️️Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP/Ca2+ Decrease slope of phase 4 Beta Blockers- Use - ️️SVT, ventricular rate control for a-fib and a-flutter Beta Blockers- AE - ️️Exacerbation of COPD/asthma CV effects: bradycardia, AV block, HF Metronidazole- MOA - ️️Forms toxic free radical metabolites in bacteria. BacteriocidalMetronidazole- Clinical Use - ️️GET GAP Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (C. diff), H. Pylori (penicillin injury) (Anaerobic infection below the diaphragm) Metronidazole- AE - ️️Disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, tachycardia, hypotension) with alcohol. Headache, metallic taste Typical antipsychotics (-azine)- MOA - ️️Block dopamine D2 receptor -- increase cAMP Typical antipsychotics - Clinical Use - ️️Schizophrenia, pyschosis, bipolar, Huntington, OCD Typical antipsychotics - AE - ️️EPS (ADAPT)- Acute dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia