COMLEX Level 2 (BIOSTATS)
Type I Error: Stating that there _____ an effect or difference when NONE exist.
is NO
Type II Error: Stating that there _____ an effect or difference when DOES exist.
is
Sensitivity & Specificity
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS are defined by their ____________ & _________.
Sensitivity & Specificity
SpPIn:
high Specificity, Positive test, rules In
SnNOut:
high Sensitivity, Negative test, Out
What does "SpPIn" and "SnNOut" mean, in regards to the Sensitivity and
Specificity of a test?
SpPIn: high Specificity, Positive test, rules In; SnNOut: high Sensitivity, Negative
test, Out
Attributable Risk (AR)
What type of RISK is this: the difference in risk between EXPOSED vs UNEXPOSED
groups (ex: risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in non-smokers is 1%,
then the __________________ Risk is 20%)?
Attributable
Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)
What type of RISK is this: the difference in risk attributable to the
INTERNVENTION (like a vaccine) as compared to a CONTROL (people who
, developed disease w/out vaccine)?
Absolute Risk Reduction
>1
If the Risk Ratio (RR "Relative Risk") is ____, then this indicates that the RISK of
developing the outcome is HIGHER w/EXPOSURE or TREATMENT.
>1
<1
If the Risk Ratio (RR "Relative Risk") _____, then this indicates that the RISK of
developing the outcome is LOWER w/EXPOSURE or TREATMENT.
<1
α (alpha)
A Type I Error is β or α?
α
β (beta)
A Type II Error is β or α?
β
Type II Error
(Type II Error=β, and (1-β)=Power)
*the HIGHER the Power=LOWER the strength of study results
INCREASING the RISK of Type I Errors will DECREASE the RISK of _________________,
which will DECREASE the Power of a study.
Type II Error
Adoption Studies
What is the name of a study that looks at siblings raised by 2 different families
(adoptive vs biological or adoptive vs alternative adoptive) to determine how
ENVIRONMENTAL factors affect the later development of DISEASE or BEHAVIORS?
Adoption Studies
Type I Error: Stating that there _____ an effect or difference when NONE exist.
is NO
Type II Error: Stating that there _____ an effect or difference when DOES exist.
is
Sensitivity & Specificity
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS are defined by their ____________ & _________.
Sensitivity & Specificity
SpPIn:
high Specificity, Positive test, rules In
SnNOut:
high Sensitivity, Negative test, Out
What does "SpPIn" and "SnNOut" mean, in regards to the Sensitivity and
Specificity of a test?
SpPIn: high Specificity, Positive test, rules In; SnNOut: high Sensitivity, Negative
test, Out
Attributable Risk (AR)
What type of RISK is this: the difference in risk between EXPOSED vs UNEXPOSED
groups (ex: risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in non-smokers is 1%,
then the __________________ Risk is 20%)?
Attributable
Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)
What type of RISK is this: the difference in risk attributable to the
INTERNVENTION (like a vaccine) as compared to a CONTROL (people who
, developed disease w/out vaccine)?
Absolute Risk Reduction
>1
If the Risk Ratio (RR "Relative Risk") is ____, then this indicates that the RISK of
developing the outcome is HIGHER w/EXPOSURE or TREATMENT.
>1
<1
If the Risk Ratio (RR "Relative Risk") _____, then this indicates that the RISK of
developing the outcome is LOWER w/EXPOSURE or TREATMENT.
<1
α (alpha)
A Type I Error is β or α?
α
β (beta)
A Type II Error is β or α?
β
Type II Error
(Type II Error=β, and (1-β)=Power)
*the HIGHER the Power=LOWER the strength of study results
INCREASING the RISK of Type I Errors will DECREASE the RISK of _________________,
which will DECREASE the Power of a study.
Type II Error
Adoption Studies
What is the name of a study that looks at siblings raised by 2 different families
(adoptive vs biological or adoptive vs alternative adoptive) to determine how
ENVIRONMENTAL factors affect the later development of DISEASE or BEHAVIORS?
Adoption Studies
