1|Page
GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology - Test 1 ||VERIFIED
EXAM!!!||COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR-JUST
RELEASED.pdf 1||NEWEST EXAM!!!
What is the genetic flow of information? - Answer-DNA
codes for mRNA (codes for protein sequence) and for
small RNA species (regulate the stability of mRNA)
What is a general principle true in most cases, but not
always? - Answer-One gene codes for one protein
Not always true: Genes can be spliced alternatively,
proteins can be cleaved into multiple active species
Proteins fold into specific shapes to make what? - Answer-
-Enzymes, which carry out chemical reactions
- Structural proteins (which provide organization)
- Regulatory molecules (which provide information)
Changes in DNA produce what? - Answer-produce
heritable changes in protein structure and function
,2|Page
What are proteins? - Answer-workhorses of cells- they do
most everything cells do
How are genomes decoded? - Answer-We can "read" the
sequences encoding proteins to predict the complement of
proteins- the "proteome"- of many organisms
How many proteins does it take to make a cell? - Answer--
Prokaryote: minimum 477 in Mycobacteria (parasite).
Typically: 1000-4000
- Eukaryote: Simple single-celled: 6300; Complex
multicellular: 30,000
Do all proteins make up genes? - Answer-No, some genes
serve to regulate the expression and function of other
genes ( e.g. transcription factors, post-translational
regulation). These regulatory networks are very hard to
trace.
What does cell theory state? - Answer-1. All living
creatures are made of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic structural unit of living things
3. On today's Earth, cells can only arise by division from
preexisting cells
,3|Page
What are some basic properties of cells? - Answer-- Being
composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic
acids
- Having a high degree of complexity
- Encoding information in genes
- Being delineated from the rest of the world by a
membrane
- Being able to reproduce themselves
- Being able to acquire and utilize energy
- Being able to carry out a variety of chemical reactions
- Being able to carry out mechanical activities
- Being able to respond to stimuli
- Being capable of self-regulation
- Being capable of evolving
- Do NOT need to have ALL of these qualities
What is the Central Dogma of Cell Biology? - Answer-1.
Activation 2. Transcription (pre-mRNA made) 3.
Processing (mature mRNA) 4. Translation
, 4|Page
Is all information coded directly in DNA sequences? -
Answer-Some information is not coded directly in DNA
sequences
What is epigenetics? - Answer-Changes in gene
expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms
other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. This
gives rise to imprinting, heritable changes in gene
expression. Other kind of epigenetic phenomena that
emerge from interactions of proteins with each other and
with the environment
What is an example of an epigenetic effect? - Answer-
Polarization of proteins: suspended cell vs. organized cell
What is the difference between prokaryotes, eukaryotes
and protists? - Answer-Prokaryotes: lack a nucleus and
internal membranes
Eukaryotes: have a nucleus and an extensive internal
membrane system
Protists: single cell organisms
GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology - Test 1 ||VERIFIED
EXAM!!!||COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR-JUST
RELEASED.pdf 1||NEWEST EXAM!!!
What is the genetic flow of information? - Answer-DNA
codes for mRNA (codes for protein sequence) and for
small RNA species (regulate the stability of mRNA)
What is a general principle true in most cases, but not
always? - Answer-One gene codes for one protein
Not always true: Genes can be spliced alternatively,
proteins can be cleaved into multiple active species
Proteins fold into specific shapes to make what? - Answer-
-Enzymes, which carry out chemical reactions
- Structural proteins (which provide organization)
- Regulatory molecules (which provide information)
Changes in DNA produce what? - Answer-produce
heritable changes in protein structure and function
,2|Page
What are proteins? - Answer-workhorses of cells- they do
most everything cells do
How are genomes decoded? - Answer-We can "read" the
sequences encoding proteins to predict the complement of
proteins- the "proteome"- of many organisms
How many proteins does it take to make a cell? - Answer--
Prokaryote: minimum 477 in Mycobacteria (parasite).
Typically: 1000-4000
- Eukaryote: Simple single-celled: 6300; Complex
multicellular: 30,000
Do all proteins make up genes? - Answer-No, some genes
serve to regulate the expression and function of other
genes ( e.g. transcription factors, post-translational
regulation). These regulatory networks are very hard to
trace.
What does cell theory state? - Answer-1. All living
creatures are made of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic structural unit of living things
3. On today's Earth, cells can only arise by division from
preexisting cells
,3|Page
What are some basic properties of cells? - Answer-- Being
composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic
acids
- Having a high degree of complexity
- Encoding information in genes
- Being delineated from the rest of the world by a
membrane
- Being able to reproduce themselves
- Being able to acquire and utilize energy
- Being able to carry out a variety of chemical reactions
- Being able to carry out mechanical activities
- Being able to respond to stimuli
- Being capable of self-regulation
- Being capable of evolving
- Do NOT need to have ALL of these qualities
What is the Central Dogma of Cell Biology? - Answer-1.
Activation 2. Transcription (pre-mRNA made) 3.
Processing (mature mRNA) 4. Translation
, 4|Page
Is all information coded directly in DNA sequences? -
Answer-Some information is not coded directly in DNA
sequences
What is epigenetics? - Answer-Changes in gene
expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms
other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. This
gives rise to imprinting, heritable changes in gene
expression. Other kind of epigenetic phenomena that
emerge from interactions of proteins with each other and
with the environment
What is an example of an epigenetic effect? - Answer-
Polarization of proteins: suspended cell vs. organized cell
What is the difference between prokaryotes, eukaryotes
and protists? - Answer-Prokaryotes: lack a nucleus and
internal membranes
Eukaryotes: have a nucleus and an extensive internal
membrane system
Protists: single cell organisms
