ATSC 113 FINAL COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ An Euler path.
Answer: Path in a connected graph that travels every edge of the graph once
◍ Hamilton's Method of Apportionment.
Answer: Figure out the S.Q, L.Q, and Residue for players then add up L.Q
to figure out how many seats still needed, then highest residue gets one
more seat
◍ Surplus sealed bids.
Answer: Owed - received money from the estate
◍ A Loop.
Answer: A single edge that connects one vertex with itself (adds two
degrees to a vertex)
◍ If someone uses the word "visibility" with no preceding adjective, what are
they referring to?.
Answer: Horizontal visibility
◍ Odd Vertex.
Answer: Vertex with an odd number of edges attached to it (odd degree)
◍ A Circuit.
Answer: A sequence of adjacent edges, with no edge included more then
once, that starts and stops at the same vertex
◍ Number of players in weighted voting system.
Answer: Numbers after the : are players ( :P1, P2, P3)
◍ Which of the following statements about cloud formation is FALSE?-
, Billow clouds form due to KH waves - Fumulus clouds form over swamps-
Fractus clouds form in turbulent, humid air near the ground- Pileus clouds
form over fast-growing cumulus clouds- Banner clouds form on the
downwind side of a mountain peak.
Answer: Fumulus clouds form over swamps
◍ Falling snow ______ reduce visibility and _____ listed in the table of
obscurations.
Answer: can, is not
◍ Cheapest Link Algorithm (Tour).
Answer: At each step choose the cheapest link available that does not create
a circuit until the end or make a degree 3 vertex
◍ True or false: SIGMETS are warnings of significant weather hazards.
Answer: True
◍ Number of votes needed to win by majority.
Answer: One more then half (50%) n/2+1
◍ Which phenomenon is not a good indicator that a gust front is present or
might occur?- Lightning- Arc cloud- Virga- Sand storm- Haboob.
Answer: Lightning
◍ With Nearest Neighbor Algorithm.
Answer: Pick smallest number when deciding where to go next
◍ Months with 30 days.
Answer: April, November, September, June
◍ Is aircraft icing possible in the summer?.
Answer: Yes
◍ Kruskal's Algorithm ____ gives a minimum/maximum spanning tree.
Answer: ALWAYS
◍ A complete Graph.
Answer: A simple graph in which every vertex is joined by one edge to
every other vertex
, ◍ Percent change is also called.
Answer: Percent increase/decrease
◍ Euler's Sum of Degrees Theorem.
Answer: The sum of the degrees of all the vertices equals twice the number
of edges (Graph ALWAYS has even number of odd vertices)
◍ If clouds cover 7/8 of the sky, cloud coverage is:.
Answer: Broken
◍ Why can aircraft icing conditions occur near occluded fronts?.
Answer: Because of the trough of warm air aloft (TROWL)
◍ When an aircraft flies through a region of very high liquid water content
where most of the droplets are large (ex. supercooled raindrops) then the
type of ice that is likely to form on the aircraft is:.
Answer: Clear ice
◍ A bridge.
Answer: An edge in a connected graph without which the graph would be
disconnected
◍ For aviation, the altitude of cloud base of the lowest cloud with coverage of
_________ is considered the ceiling- >= 4 oktas- >= 7 oktas- >= 5 oktas- >=
6 oktas- >= 3 oktas.
Answer: >= 5 oktas
◍ While flying through turbulence you experience the following: Changes in
the aircraft altitude or attitude (direction it is pointing) but aircraft remains
in control. Strain against your seatbelts, objects in cabin are dislodged.What
intensity of turbulence is reported?.
Answer: Moderate
◍ Which of the following identifies the correct difference between
nimbostratus and stratus clouds?- Nimbostratus clouds are dark while stratus
clouds are not- Nimbostratus clouds are stratiform clouds while stratus
clouds are not- Nimbostratus clouds have well-defined cloud bases, while
GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ An Euler path.
Answer: Path in a connected graph that travels every edge of the graph once
◍ Hamilton's Method of Apportionment.
Answer: Figure out the S.Q, L.Q, and Residue for players then add up L.Q
to figure out how many seats still needed, then highest residue gets one
more seat
◍ Surplus sealed bids.
Answer: Owed - received money from the estate
◍ A Loop.
Answer: A single edge that connects one vertex with itself (adds two
degrees to a vertex)
◍ If someone uses the word "visibility" with no preceding adjective, what are
they referring to?.
Answer: Horizontal visibility
◍ Odd Vertex.
Answer: Vertex with an odd number of edges attached to it (odd degree)
◍ A Circuit.
Answer: A sequence of adjacent edges, with no edge included more then
once, that starts and stops at the same vertex
◍ Number of players in weighted voting system.
Answer: Numbers after the : are players ( :P1, P2, P3)
◍ Which of the following statements about cloud formation is FALSE?-
, Billow clouds form due to KH waves - Fumulus clouds form over swamps-
Fractus clouds form in turbulent, humid air near the ground- Pileus clouds
form over fast-growing cumulus clouds- Banner clouds form on the
downwind side of a mountain peak.
Answer: Fumulus clouds form over swamps
◍ Falling snow ______ reduce visibility and _____ listed in the table of
obscurations.
Answer: can, is not
◍ Cheapest Link Algorithm (Tour).
Answer: At each step choose the cheapest link available that does not create
a circuit until the end or make a degree 3 vertex
◍ True or false: SIGMETS are warnings of significant weather hazards.
Answer: True
◍ Number of votes needed to win by majority.
Answer: One more then half (50%) n/2+1
◍ Which phenomenon is not a good indicator that a gust front is present or
might occur?- Lightning- Arc cloud- Virga- Sand storm- Haboob.
Answer: Lightning
◍ With Nearest Neighbor Algorithm.
Answer: Pick smallest number when deciding where to go next
◍ Months with 30 days.
Answer: April, November, September, June
◍ Is aircraft icing possible in the summer?.
Answer: Yes
◍ Kruskal's Algorithm ____ gives a minimum/maximum spanning tree.
Answer: ALWAYS
◍ A complete Graph.
Answer: A simple graph in which every vertex is joined by one edge to
every other vertex
, ◍ Percent change is also called.
Answer: Percent increase/decrease
◍ Euler's Sum of Degrees Theorem.
Answer: The sum of the degrees of all the vertices equals twice the number
of edges (Graph ALWAYS has even number of odd vertices)
◍ If clouds cover 7/8 of the sky, cloud coverage is:.
Answer: Broken
◍ Why can aircraft icing conditions occur near occluded fronts?.
Answer: Because of the trough of warm air aloft (TROWL)
◍ When an aircraft flies through a region of very high liquid water content
where most of the droplets are large (ex. supercooled raindrops) then the
type of ice that is likely to form on the aircraft is:.
Answer: Clear ice
◍ A bridge.
Answer: An edge in a connected graph without which the graph would be
disconnected
◍ For aviation, the altitude of cloud base of the lowest cloud with coverage of
_________ is considered the ceiling- >= 4 oktas- >= 7 oktas- >= 5 oktas- >=
6 oktas- >= 3 oktas.
Answer: >= 5 oktas
◍ While flying through turbulence you experience the following: Changes in
the aircraft altitude or attitude (direction it is pointing) but aircraft remains
in control. Strain against your seatbelts, objects in cabin are dislodged.What
intensity of turbulence is reported?.
Answer: Moderate
◍ Which of the following identifies the correct difference between
nimbostratus and stratus clouds?- Nimbostratus clouds are dark while stratus
clouds are not- Nimbostratus clouds are stratiform clouds while stratus
clouds are not- Nimbostratus clouds have well-defined cloud bases, while
