Table of Contents
1. Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
,2. Caring and the Advanced Practice Nurse
3. Health Promotion
4. The Art of Diagnosis and Treatment
5. Evidence-Based Practice
6. Common Neurological Complaints
7. Seizure Disorders
8. Degenerative Disorders
9. Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
10. Infectious and Inflammatory Neurological Disorders
11. Common Skin Complaints
12. Parasitic Skin Infestations
13. Mucocutaneous Fungal Infections
14. Bacterial Skin Infections
15. Viral Skin Infections
16. Dermatitis
17. Skin Lesions
18. Common Eye Complaints
19. Lid and Conjunctival Pathology
20. Visual Disturbances and Impaired Vision
21. Common Ear, Nose, an Throat Complaints
22. Hearing and Balance Disorders
23. Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Ear
24. Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, and Throat
25. Epistaxis
26. Temporomandibular Disorders
27. Dysphonia
28. Common Respiratory Complaints
29. Sleep Apnea
30. Infectious Respiratory Disorders
31. Inflammatory Respiratory Disorders
32. Lung Cancer
33. Smoking Addiction
34. Common Cardiovascular Complaints
35. Cardiac and Associated Risk Disorders
36. Dysrhythmias and Valvular Disorders
37. Disorders of the Vascular System
38. Common Abdominal Complaints
39. Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders
40. Gastric and Intestinal Disorders
41. Gallbladder and Pancreatic Disorders
42. Cirrhosis and Liver Failure
43. Common Urinary Complaints
44. Urinary Tract Disorders
45. Kidney and Bladder Disorders
46. Common Reproductive System Complaints
47. Common Reproductive System Issues
48. Breast Disorders
49. Vaginal, Uterine, and Ovarian Disorders
50. Prostate Disorders
51. Penile and Testicular Disorders
52. Sexually Transmitted Infections
53. Common Musculoskeletal Complaints
54. Spinal Disorders
55. Soft-Tissue Disorders
56. Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis
Section 11. Endocrine and Metabolic Problems
57. Common Endocrine and Metabolic Complaints
58. Glandular Disorders
59. Diabetes Mellitus
60. Metabolic Disorders
61. Common Hematological and Immunological Complaints
62. Hematological Disorders
63. Immunological Disorders
64. Infectious Disorders
65. Common Psychological Complaints
66. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
67. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
68. Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
69. Mood Disorders
70. Anxiety Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
71. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
72. Other Psychiatric Disorders
73. Sexual Assault
74. Human Trafficking
, 75. Common Injuries
76. Toxic and Environmental Exposures
77. Primary Care of Adolescents
78. Sports Physicals
79. Primary Care of Patients Who Are Transgender
80. Primary Care of Veterans
81. Primary Care of the Patient with Cancer
82. Primary Care of Older Adults
83. Pain Management
84. Palliative and End-of-life Care
85. Ethical and Legal Issues of a Caring-Based Practice
86. Quality & Value-Based Payment: Making an Economic Impact on Health Care
87. Primary Care Approaches to Behavioral Health
88. Putting Caring Into Practice: Caring for Self
Chapter 1. Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
1.A nurse has conducted a literature review in an effort to identify the effect of
handwashing on the incidence of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections in acute
care settings. An article presented findings at a level of significance of <0.01. This
indicates that
A) The control group and the experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings of the study have less than 1% chance of being attributable to
chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance of the findings was less than 1:100.
[ANS]: B
Providing [ANS] Rationale: The level of significance refers to the extent to which the
researcher believes that the findings of the study most likely represent an event
that did not occur by coincidence. A significance level of less than 0.01, which is
less than one percent, suggests that the possibility of the result being due to
chance is less than one percent.
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study in order to understand the lived
experience of parents who have a neonatal loss. Which of the following questions
should the nurse prioritize when appraising the results of this study?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables that may have
affected the findings?
C) Did the authors use statistical measures that were appropriate to the
phenomenon in question?
D) Were the instruments that the researchers used statistically valid and
reliable?
, [ANS]: A
[ANS] Rationale: We judge qualitative studies based on their ability to capture and
convey the subjective experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables
are not dimensions of a qualitative methodology.
A nurse has expressed skepticism to a colleague about the value of nursing
research, claiming that nursing research has little relevance to practice. How can
the nurse's colleague best defend the importance of nursing research?
A) The existence of nursing research means that nurses are now able to access
federal grant money, something that didn't used to be the case.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of masters and doctoral programs
and has greatly increased the credibility of the profession.
C) The growth of nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true
profession rather than simply as a trade or a skill.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve nursing
practice and patient outcomes.
[ANS]: D
[ANS] Rationale: The ability to improve nurse practice and, ultimately, to improve
patient outcomes is the most valuable aspect of nursing research, according to
feedback. All of the contributions that nursing research has made to education
programs, grant funding, or the general public's perception of the profession are
rendered obsolete by this.
4. Tracy is a nurse with a baccalaureate degree who works in the labor and
delivery unit of a busy urban hospital. She has noticed that many new mothers
abandon breast-feeding their babies when they experience early challenges and
wonders what could be done to encourage more women to continue breast-feeding.
What role is Tracy most likely to play in a research project that tests an intervention
aimed at promoting breast-feeding?
A) Applying for grant funding for the research project
B) Posing the clinical problem to one or more nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology of the research project
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting the results for publication
[ANS]: B
[ANS] Rationale: A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for
research. Grant applications, methodological planning, and publication submission
are normally carried out by nurses who have advanced degrees in nursing.
5. A patient signed the informed consent form for a drug trial that was
explained to patient by a research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to his nurse
that he did not understand the research assistants explanation or his own role in
the study. How should this patients nurse respond to this revelation?
1. Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
,2. Caring and the Advanced Practice Nurse
3. Health Promotion
4. The Art of Diagnosis and Treatment
5. Evidence-Based Practice
6. Common Neurological Complaints
7. Seizure Disorders
8. Degenerative Disorders
9. Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
10. Infectious and Inflammatory Neurological Disorders
11. Common Skin Complaints
12. Parasitic Skin Infestations
13. Mucocutaneous Fungal Infections
14. Bacterial Skin Infections
15. Viral Skin Infections
16. Dermatitis
17. Skin Lesions
18. Common Eye Complaints
19. Lid and Conjunctival Pathology
20. Visual Disturbances and Impaired Vision
21. Common Ear, Nose, an Throat Complaints
22. Hearing and Balance Disorders
23. Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Ear
24. Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, and Throat
25. Epistaxis
26. Temporomandibular Disorders
27. Dysphonia
28. Common Respiratory Complaints
29. Sleep Apnea
30. Infectious Respiratory Disorders
31. Inflammatory Respiratory Disorders
32. Lung Cancer
33. Smoking Addiction
34. Common Cardiovascular Complaints
35. Cardiac and Associated Risk Disorders
36. Dysrhythmias and Valvular Disorders
37. Disorders of the Vascular System
38. Common Abdominal Complaints
39. Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders
40. Gastric and Intestinal Disorders
41. Gallbladder and Pancreatic Disorders
42. Cirrhosis and Liver Failure
43. Common Urinary Complaints
44. Urinary Tract Disorders
45. Kidney and Bladder Disorders
46. Common Reproductive System Complaints
47. Common Reproductive System Issues
48. Breast Disorders
49. Vaginal, Uterine, and Ovarian Disorders
50. Prostate Disorders
51. Penile and Testicular Disorders
52. Sexually Transmitted Infections
53. Common Musculoskeletal Complaints
54. Spinal Disorders
55. Soft-Tissue Disorders
56. Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis
Section 11. Endocrine and Metabolic Problems
57. Common Endocrine and Metabolic Complaints
58. Glandular Disorders
59. Diabetes Mellitus
60. Metabolic Disorders
61. Common Hematological and Immunological Complaints
62. Hematological Disorders
63. Immunological Disorders
64. Infectious Disorders
65. Common Psychological Complaints
66. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
67. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
68. Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
69. Mood Disorders
70. Anxiety Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
71. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
72. Other Psychiatric Disorders
73. Sexual Assault
74. Human Trafficking
, 75. Common Injuries
76. Toxic and Environmental Exposures
77. Primary Care of Adolescents
78. Sports Physicals
79. Primary Care of Patients Who Are Transgender
80. Primary Care of Veterans
81. Primary Care of the Patient with Cancer
82. Primary Care of Older Adults
83. Pain Management
84. Palliative and End-of-life Care
85. Ethical and Legal Issues of a Caring-Based Practice
86. Quality & Value-Based Payment: Making an Economic Impact on Health Care
87. Primary Care Approaches to Behavioral Health
88. Putting Caring Into Practice: Caring for Self
Chapter 1. Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
1.A nurse has conducted a literature review in an effort to identify the effect of
handwashing on the incidence of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections in acute
care settings. An article presented findings at a level of significance of <0.01. This
indicates that
A) The control group and the experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings of the study have less than 1% chance of being attributable to
chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance of the findings was less than 1:100.
[ANS]: B
Providing [ANS] Rationale: The level of significance refers to the extent to which the
researcher believes that the findings of the study most likely represent an event
that did not occur by coincidence. A significance level of less than 0.01, which is
less than one percent, suggests that the possibility of the result being due to
chance is less than one percent.
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study in order to understand the lived
experience of parents who have a neonatal loss. Which of the following questions
should the nurse prioritize when appraising the results of this study?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables that may have
affected the findings?
C) Did the authors use statistical measures that were appropriate to the
phenomenon in question?
D) Were the instruments that the researchers used statistically valid and
reliable?
, [ANS]: A
[ANS] Rationale: We judge qualitative studies based on their ability to capture and
convey the subjective experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables
are not dimensions of a qualitative methodology.
A nurse has expressed skepticism to a colleague about the value of nursing
research, claiming that nursing research has little relevance to practice. How can
the nurse's colleague best defend the importance of nursing research?
A) The existence of nursing research means that nurses are now able to access
federal grant money, something that didn't used to be the case.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of masters and doctoral programs
and has greatly increased the credibility of the profession.
C) The growth of nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true
profession rather than simply as a trade or a skill.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve nursing
practice and patient outcomes.
[ANS]: D
[ANS] Rationale: The ability to improve nurse practice and, ultimately, to improve
patient outcomes is the most valuable aspect of nursing research, according to
feedback. All of the contributions that nursing research has made to education
programs, grant funding, or the general public's perception of the profession are
rendered obsolete by this.
4. Tracy is a nurse with a baccalaureate degree who works in the labor and
delivery unit of a busy urban hospital. She has noticed that many new mothers
abandon breast-feeding their babies when they experience early challenges and
wonders what could be done to encourage more women to continue breast-feeding.
What role is Tracy most likely to play in a research project that tests an intervention
aimed at promoting breast-feeding?
A) Applying for grant funding for the research project
B) Posing the clinical problem to one or more nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology of the research project
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting the results for publication
[ANS]: B
[ANS] Rationale: A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for
research. Grant applications, methodological planning, and publication submission
are normally carried out by nurses who have advanced degrees in nursing.
5. A patient signed the informed consent form for a drug trial that was
explained to patient by a research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to his nurse
that he did not understand the research assistants explanation or his own role in
the study. How should this patients nurse respond to this revelation?
