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This document, "NR605 Week 7," covers topics such as trauma-informed care, evidence-based
psychotherapies (e.g., Trauma Resiliency Model, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing),
activated and avoiding responses, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) phases. The document provides
70 questions with correct answers and rationales, offering a comprehensive review and study aid for
students to understand and retain key concepts. By using this document, students can efficiently review
and reinforce their knowledge in these areas, ultimately enhancing their preparation for exams and
clinical practice.
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Commonly used evidence-based psychotherapies for the tx of trauma:
CORRECT ANSWER
-Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
-dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
QUESTION 2
Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
CORRECT ANSWER
-biologically based or bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps support clients in processing acute or cumulative trauma once preliminary stabilization skills have
been learned
QUESTION 3
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
CORRECT ANSWER
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, -bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps clients in accessing & processing traumatic memories
QUESTION 4
dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
CORRECT ANSWER
-cognitive or top-down approach
-support self-regulation after trauma
QUESTION 5
Primate/Human Brain (Cortex)
CORRECT ANSWER
-Responsible for: Higher mental functions
-Core functions: Regulating attention, feelings, and desires, complex reasoning, abstract thoughts,
imagination, language, empathy
-Basic "need": Connection and attachment to others
-When need is met: We feel LOVE
-When need is not met: We experience HEARTACHE
QUESTION 6
Mammalian Brain (Subcortical region)
CORRECT ANSWER
might think of it as the little mouse part of the brain.
-Responsible for: Feelings and memory formation
-Core functions: Emotions, learning and memory, reward/motivation
-Basic "need": Satisfaction and approaching rewards
-When need is met: We feel CONTENTMENT
-When need is not met: We experience FRUSTRATION
QUESTION 7
Reptilian Brain (Brain stem and cerebellum)
CORRECT ANSWER
-Responsible for: Survival and maintenance
-Core functions: Regulating heartbeat, breathing, and other vital organs
-Basic "need": Safety and avoiding harm
-When need is met: We feel PEACE
-When need is not met: We experience FEAR
QUESTION 8
Trauma
CORRECT ANSWER
-any incident or series of events that overwhelm an individual's ability to cope
-What happens inside us as a result of what happens to us
-may be emotionally disturbing or life-threatening
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, -may have enduring effects on emotional, psychological, physical, and spiritual well-being
-70% of adults in U.S. report having had a traumatic experience
QUESTION 9
that at increased risk of experiencing a traumatic event
CORRECT ANSWER
gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, people of color, low education & socioeconomic status
QUESTION 10
experiences that may be traumatic include:
CORRECT ANSWER
-physical, sexual, and emotional abuse
-childhood neglect
-living with someone with mental health or substance use disorders
-a sudden separation from a loved one (death, divorce, separation)
-poverty
-racism, discrimination, and oppression
-violence in the community, war, or terrorism
-disasters, natural and man-made
-serious, invasive, distressing medical illness and procedures
QUESTION 11
Neurobiology of a Traumatic Event:
CORRECT ANSWER
disrupts the limbic system, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus
-amygdala or "fear center" of the brain stores the physical impact of negative emotions.
• interferes with the hippocampus, which is involved with the recall of memory
• causes the prefrontal cortex to function less effectively, and the brain goes into survival mode
QUESTION 12
What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event
CORRECT ANSWER
-brain stem directly connected with the retina
• retina sends visual info to the brain stem before higher levels of brain are aware of threat.
-predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response
• activates the sympathetic nervous system
• Heart rate goes up. Blood flow to muscles increases. Blood pressure increases. Pupils dilate
-person may enter the freeze response, or feigned death
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well
• Muscles get tight and freeze. Both gaze and breath may freeze, not a cognitive choice
-predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Heart rate drops. Respiratory rate drops. Some people stop breathing. Muscles become limp. Metabolism
shuts down. Endorphins released.
• state of "no pain". They are no longer aware of their surroundings
• During inescapable trauma
QUESTION 13
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