NSG 3850 PATHO EXAM 1
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 76 Qs
This document, "NSG 3850 Patho Exam 1," covers various topics in pathophysiology, including
neuromuscular excitability, electrolyte imbalances, fluid management, anemia, and nutritional
deficiencies. The document consists of 76 questions with correct answers and detailed explanations,
serving as a comprehensive review resource. Students can utilize this document to study, review, and
understand complex pathophysiology concepts, effectively preparing for exams by grasping the
rationales behind each answer.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
a. hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia
b. hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia
c. hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
d. hypernatremia and hypomagnesemia
CORRECT ANSWER
c
RATIONALE: Decreased neuromuscular excitability is primarily caused by an imbalance of ions, specifically potassium
and calcium, which play crucial roles in electrical conduction and muscle contraction. A decrease in calcium
(hypocalcemia) and potassium (hypokalemia) levels can disrupt this process, leading to a decrease in neuromuscular
excitability.
QUESTION 2
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
a. insufficient ADH secretion
b. excess aldosterone secretion
c. administration of IV normal saline
d. frequent NG tube irrigation with water
CORRECT ANSWER
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, D
RATIONALE: Frequent NG tube irrigation with water leads to an overload of water in the body, causing an imbalance in
sodium concentration. This dilutional effect decreases the sodium levels in the blood, resulting in hyponatremia.
QUESTION 3
An increase int he resting membrane potential (hyperpolarizied) is associated with
a. hypokalemia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hypocalcemia
d. hypercalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER
A
RATIONALE: An increase in the resting membrane potential, or hyperpolarization, is associated with hypokalemia
because a decrease in potassium (K+) ions outside the cell reduces the outward flow of potassium ions, resulting in a
more negative resting membrane potential. This occurs because potassium ions contribute to the repolarization of the
membrane, and with fewer potassium ions outside the cell, the membrane becomes more hyperpolarized.
QUESTION 4
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are
associated with
a. hyponatremia
b. hypocalcemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hypokalemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: The correct answer is "c. hypophosphatemia" because abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme
activity and cellular production of ATP are primarily linked to phosphate metabolism, as phosphate is a critical component
of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in energy production.
Severe hypophosphatemia can lead to ATP depletion and enzyme dysfunction, resulting in various cellular abnormalities.
QUESTION 5
The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is
a. three fourths
b. two thirds
c. one half
d. one third
CORRECT ANSWER
B
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, RATIONALE: The intracellular space accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water (TBW) volume in adults
because the cells, particularly red blood cells and muscle cells, have a high water content. This is due to the cell's high
metabolic activities and the presence of various ions and organic compounds that require a significant amount of water
to function properly.
QUESTION 6
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by
a. excess proteins
b. renal damage
c. deficiency of ATP
d. hypocalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: Severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia leads to a deficiency of ATP due to its crucial role in high-energy
phosphate transfer reactions, which are essential for various cellular processes. This ATP deficiency disrupts cellular
function, particularly in muscles and red blood cells, leading to manifestations such as weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and
hemolysis.
QUESTION 7
A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop
a. hypokalemia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hyperphosphatemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: The overuse of magnesium-aluminum antacids leads to an excessive intake of magnesium, causing the
kidneys to excrete more potassium (K+) in exchange for magnesium, resulting in hypokalemia. This is because the
kidneys compensate for the excess magnesium by increasing potassium excretion through a process called the
magnesium-potassium exchange mechanism.
QUESTION 8
The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid that in the intracellular fluid is
___ ions
a. sodium
b. phosphate
c. magnesium
d. potassium
CORRECT ANSWER
A
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75+ (Latest 2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 76 Qs
This document, "NSG 3850 Patho Exam 1," covers various topics in pathophysiology, including
neuromuscular excitability, electrolyte imbalances, fluid management, anemia, and nutritional
deficiencies. The document consists of 76 questions with correct answers and detailed explanations,
serving as a comprehensive review resource. Students can utilize this document to study, review, and
understand complex pathophysiology concepts, effectively preparing for exams by grasping the
rationales behind each answer.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
a. hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia
b. hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia
c. hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
d. hypernatremia and hypomagnesemia
CORRECT ANSWER
c
RATIONALE: Decreased neuromuscular excitability is primarily caused by an imbalance of ions, specifically potassium
and calcium, which play crucial roles in electrical conduction and muscle contraction. A decrease in calcium
(hypocalcemia) and potassium (hypokalemia) levels can disrupt this process, leading to a decrease in neuromuscular
excitability.
QUESTION 2
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
a. insufficient ADH secretion
b. excess aldosterone secretion
c. administration of IV normal saline
d. frequent NG tube irrigation with water
CORRECT ANSWER
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 24
, D
RATIONALE: Frequent NG tube irrigation with water leads to an overload of water in the body, causing an imbalance in
sodium concentration. This dilutional effect decreases the sodium levels in the blood, resulting in hyponatremia.
QUESTION 3
An increase int he resting membrane potential (hyperpolarizied) is associated with
a. hypokalemia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hypocalcemia
d. hypercalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER
A
RATIONALE: An increase in the resting membrane potential, or hyperpolarization, is associated with hypokalemia
because a decrease in potassium (K+) ions outside the cell reduces the outward flow of potassium ions, resulting in a
more negative resting membrane potential. This occurs because potassium ions contribute to the repolarization of the
membrane, and with fewer potassium ions outside the cell, the membrane becomes more hyperpolarized.
QUESTION 4
Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are
associated with
a. hyponatremia
b. hypocalcemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hypokalemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: The correct answer is "c. hypophosphatemia" because abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme
activity and cellular production of ATP are primarily linked to phosphate metabolism, as phosphate is a critical component
of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in energy production.
Severe hypophosphatemia can lead to ATP depletion and enzyme dysfunction, resulting in various cellular abnormalities.
QUESTION 5
The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is
a. three fourths
b. two thirds
c. one half
d. one third
CORRECT ANSWER
B
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 24
, RATIONALE: The intracellular space accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water (TBW) volume in adults
because the cells, particularly red blood cells and muscle cells, have a high water content. This is due to the cell's high
metabolic activities and the presence of various ions and organic compounds that require a significant amount of water
to function properly.
QUESTION 6
Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by
a. excess proteins
b. renal damage
c. deficiency of ATP
d. hypocalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: Severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia leads to a deficiency of ATP due to its crucial role in high-energy
phosphate transfer reactions, which are essential for various cellular processes. This ATP deficiency disrupts cellular
function, particularly in muscles and red blood cells, leading to manifestations such as weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and
hemolysis.
QUESTION 7
A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop
a. hypokalemia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hyperphosphatemia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: The overuse of magnesium-aluminum antacids leads to an excessive intake of magnesium, causing the
kidneys to excrete more potassium (K+) in exchange for magnesium, resulting in hypokalemia. This is because the
kidneys compensate for the excess magnesium by increasing potassium excretion through a process called the
magnesium-potassium exchange mechanism.
QUESTION 8
The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid that in the intracellular fluid is
___ ions
a. sodium
b. phosphate
c. magnesium
d. potassium
CORRECT ANSWER
A
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Page 3 of 24
