Updated RATED A+ | NEW 2026
Theore cal Knowing
- Developing or tes ng theories or ideas
- Informed by empirical knowing
Empirical Knowing
Observa ons (e.x. delivering interven ons, conduc ng surveys, ques onnaires) about reality
Post Posi vism
- Observa ons cannot always be relied upon; subject to error & human bias
- Best we can do is approxima on of reality
Quan ta ve Research
- Series of logically related steps
- Careful accoun ng for & control of factors that may influence research findings
- Data usually numbers & sta s cal formulas
Quan ta ve Research Purposes
- Descrip on
- Explana on (test for presence of rela onship or assess diff. in groups)
- Predic on
- Control
Independent Variable
- Variable that has effect on DP (Y)
- Manipulated
Dependent Variable
- Effect that varies with a change in the IV (X)
- Not manipulated
Conceptual Defini on
, - Similar to dic onary defini on
- How concept is defines in theore cal lit.
Opera onal Defini on
- How concept will be measured
- Specifies what instruments will be used to measure or describe variable
- Links abstract concepts to more concrete variable
Types of Hypothesis
- Direc onal
- Nondirec onal
- Null
- Research
Conceptual Framework
- Researcher creates/synthesis structure to guide research
- Provides map to study
- Induc ve reasoning
Theore cal Framework
- Researcher iden fies structure to guide research
- Explains & predicts phenomena in study
- Based on philosophical or theore cal understanding
- Deduc ve reasoning
Concept
- Image or symbolic representa on of an abstract idea
- Major components of theory & convey abstract ideas within story
Clinical Ques ons
- Posed by consumers of research
- First step in EIP
- O;en arise in clinical situa ons
- Guide nurse in searching for best avail. evidence to support prac ce
Research Ques ons