BIO 182 EXAM 1 – ASU
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
GENERAL BIOLOGY II (ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY) | ARIZONA STATE
UNIVERSITY
EVOLUTION | BIODIVERSITY | ECOLOGY | VERIFIED | GRADED A+
INTRODUCTION .
This comprehensive practice examination is designed for students at Arizona State University
preparing for BIO 182 (General Biology II) Exam 1 for the current academic year. BIO 182 covers
organismal biology, including evolution, biodiversity (prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, animals),
and introductory ecology.
Course Information:
• Institution: Arizona State University (ASU)
• Course: BIO 182 – General Biology II (Organismal Biology)
• Exam: Exam 1 (covers evolution, phylogenetics, prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, animals,
and introductory ecology)
• Textbook: Campbell Biology (current edition) or equivalent
• Exam Format: Multiple-choice, calculation, phylogeny interpretation, scenario-based
questions
Major Content Areas Covered:
• Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive), sexual
selection, genetic drift (bottleneck, founder), gene flow, mutation, Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, fitness, heterozygote advantage
• Speciation and Phylogenetics: Allopatric vs sympatric speciation, prezygotic vs
postzygotic isolating mechanisms, phylogenetic trees, synapomorphies, homologous vs
analogous structures
• Prokaryotes: Bacteria vs Archaea, metabolic diversity, genetic recombination, oxygen
requirements, extremophiles
• Protists: Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, Unikonta; protozoa, algae, slime molds
, • Fungi: Chytrids, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes; mycorrhizae,
lichens
• Plants: Adaptations to land, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocots vs
eudicots)
• Animals: Body symmetry, germ layers, body cavities, protostome vs deuterostome
development
• Introductory Ecology: Population growth, carrying capacity, r/K selection, interspecific
interactions, succession
Section 1: Evolutionary Mechanisms and Population Genetics (Questions 1-30)
Q1: Which of the following conditions must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium? (Select all that apply)
• A. No mutations
• B. Random mating
• C. No natural selection
• D. Small population size
• E. No gene flow
[CORRECT] A, B, C, E
Rationale:
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires five conditions: no mutations, random mating, no
natural selection, large population size (not small), and no gene flow
• Small populations experience genetic drift, violating equilibrium
• These conditions ensure allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation
Q2: In a population of butterflies, the allele for blue wings (B) is dominant to brown wings (b).
The frequency of the recessive allele (b) is 0.3. What is the frequency of the dominant allele (B)?
• A. 0.09
• B. 0.3
, • C. 0.7
• D. 0.49
[CORRECT] C. 0.7
Rationale:
• Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p + q = 1
• Where p = frequency of dominant allele (B), q = frequency of recessive allele (b)
• p = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
Q3: Using the information from Question 2, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous
(Bb) individuals in the population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• A. 0.09
• B. 0.21
• C. 0.42
• D. 0.49
[CORRECT] C. 0.42
Rationale:
• Heterozygote frequency = 2pq
• 2 × 0.7 × 0.3 = 0.42 or 42%
• p² = 0.49 (BB), 2pq = 0.42 (Bb), q² = 0.09 (bb)
Q4: A population of lizards is split into two groups by a river that forms. Over time, the two
groups evolve into separate species. This is an example of:
• A. Sympatric speciation
• B. Allopatric speciation (vicariance)
• C. Peripatric speciation
• D. Parapatric speciation
[CORRECT] B. Allopatric speciation (vicariance)
Rationale:
, • Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated by a physical
barrier
• Vicariance specifically refers to the formation of a geographic barrier (river, mountain
range) that splits an existing population
• Contrast with dispersal, where a small group moves across an existing barrier
Q5: A new species of plant arises from polyploidy (doubling of chromosomes). This is an
example of:
• A. Allopatric speciation
• B. Sympatric speciation
• C. Peripatric speciation
• D. Hybrid speciation
[CORRECT] B. Sympatric speciation
Rationale:
• Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic separation
• Polyploidy (autopolyploidy or allopolyploidy) creates instant reproductive isolation
because polyploid individuals cannot produce fertile offspring with diploid ancestors
• This mechanism is particularly common in plants (wheat, cotton, many flowers)
Q6: Male peacocks with elaborate tail feathers are more likely to mate with females. This is an
example of:
• A. Intrasexual selection
• B. Intersexual selection
• C. Genetic drift
• D. Gene flow
[CORRECT] B. Intersexual selection
Rationale:
• Intersexual selection (mate choice) occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females)
choose mates based on specific traits
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
GENERAL BIOLOGY II (ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY) | ARIZONA STATE
UNIVERSITY
EVOLUTION | BIODIVERSITY | ECOLOGY | VERIFIED | GRADED A+
INTRODUCTION .
This comprehensive practice examination is designed for students at Arizona State University
preparing for BIO 182 (General Biology II) Exam 1 for the current academic year. BIO 182 covers
organismal biology, including evolution, biodiversity (prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, animals),
and introductory ecology.
Course Information:
• Institution: Arizona State University (ASU)
• Course: BIO 182 – General Biology II (Organismal Biology)
• Exam: Exam 1 (covers evolution, phylogenetics, prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, animals,
and introductory ecology)
• Textbook: Campbell Biology (current edition) or equivalent
• Exam Format: Multiple-choice, calculation, phylogeny interpretation, scenario-based
questions
Major Content Areas Covered:
• Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive), sexual
selection, genetic drift (bottleneck, founder), gene flow, mutation, Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, fitness, heterozygote advantage
• Speciation and Phylogenetics: Allopatric vs sympatric speciation, prezygotic vs
postzygotic isolating mechanisms, phylogenetic trees, synapomorphies, homologous vs
analogous structures
• Prokaryotes: Bacteria vs Archaea, metabolic diversity, genetic recombination, oxygen
requirements, extremophiles
• Protists: Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, Unikonta; protozoa, algae, slime molds
, • Fungi: Chytrids, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes; mycorrhizae,
lichens
• Plants: Adaptations to land, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocots vs
eudicots)
• Animals: Body symmetry, germ layers, body cavities, protostome vs deuterostome
development
• Introductory Ecology: Population growth, carrying capacity, r/K selection, interspecific
interactions, succession
Section 1: Evolutionary Mechanisms and Population Genetics (Questions 1-30)
Q1: Which of the following conditions must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium? (Select all that apply)
• A. No mutations
• B. Random mating
• C. No natural selection
• D. Small population size
• E. No gene flow
[CORRECT] A, B, C, E
Rationale:
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires five conditions: no mutations, random mating, no
natural selection, large population size (not small), and no gene flow
• Small populations experience genetic drift, violating equilibrium
• These conditions ensure allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation
Q2: In a population of butterflies, the allele for blue wings (B) is dominant to brown wings (b).
The frequency of the recessive allele (b) is 0.3. What is the frequency of the dominant allele (B)?
• A. 0.09
• B. 0.3
, • C. 0.7
• D. 0.49
[CORRECT] C. 0.7
Rationale:
• Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p + q = 1
• Where p = frequency of dominant allele (B), q = frequency of recessive allele (b)
• p = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
Q3: Using the information from Question 2, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous
(Bb) individuals in the population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• A. 0.09
• B. 0.21
• C. 0.42
• D. 0.49
[CORRECT] C. 0.42
Rationale:
• Heterozygote frequency = 2pq
• 2 × 0.7 × 0.3 = 0.42 or 42%
• p² = 0.49 (BB), 2pq = 0.42 (Bb), q² = 0.09 (bb)
Q4: A population of lizards is split into two groups by a river that forms. Over time, the two
groups evolve into separate species. This is an example of:
• A. Sympatric speciation
• B. Allopatric speciation (vicariance)
• C. Peripatric speciation
• D. Parapatric speciation
[CORRECT] B. Allopatric speciation (vicariance)
Rationale:
, • Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically separated by a physical
barrier
• Vicariance specifically refers to the formation of a geographic barrier (river, mountain
range) that splits an existing population
• Contrast with dispersal, where a small group moves across an existing barrier
Q5: A new species of plant arises from polyploidy (doubling of chromosomes). This is an
example of:
• A. Allopatric speciation
• B. Sympatric speciation
• C. Peripatric speciation
• D. Hybrid speciation
[CORRECT] B. Sympatric speciation
Rationale:
• Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic separation
• Polyploidy (autopolyploidy or allopolyploidy) creates instant reproductive isolation
because polyploid individuals cannot produce fertile offspring with diploid ancestors
• This mechanism is particularly common in plants (wheat, cotton, many flowers)
Q6: Male peacocks with elaborate tail feathers are more likely to mate with females. This is an
example of:
• A. Intrasexual selection
• B. Intersexual selection
• C. Genetic drift
• D. Gene flow
[CORRECT] B. Intersexual selection
Rationale:
• Intersexual selection (mate choice) occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females)
choose mates based on specific traits
