BIO 150 EXAM 1 UTK MAMANTOV 2026 FINAL
REVIEW PACK COMPLETE QUESTION SET AND
CORE CONCEPT SUMMARY
◉ Mechanisms of diversification answers what? Answer:
Evolutionary change? Why there are so many species? How a species
adapts to its environment over time.
◉ 3 major axes of diversification Answer: Sexual Selection,
Vicariance, Trophic Morphology
◉ Ecology Answer: The study of how living things interact with each
other and their environment
◉ How do humans fit into ecology/evolution of other organisms?
Answer: They affect the other species and can speed up their
evolution and they impact the environment
◉ What percentage of species have gone extinct? Answer: 99%
◉ Is species discovery complete? Answer: No
,◉ What are the benefits of diversity? Answer: Change in species,
evolution, more diverse, benefit the environment
◉ Parts of the scientific method Answer: 1. observation
2. hypothesis
3. experiments
4. theory
5. law
◉ Correlation vs. Causation Answer: correlation does not equal
causation
◉ Independent and dependent variables Answer: independent
variable- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied. (p. 32)
dependent variable- the outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. (p.
32)
◉ How do you asses the quality of information? Answer: Look at the
publishers and the site it comes from
,◉ Bias and pseudoscience Answer: Bias- when someone puts their
own opinion into their findings.
pseudoscience-a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly
regarded as being based on scientific method.
◉ Genotype vs. Phenotype Answer: Genotype refers to alleles
Phenotype refers to appearance
◉ transcription and translation Answer: Transcription- the
synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is
converted into a complementary RNA code.
Translation- the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template
where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid
sequence in a protein.
◉ Chromosome Answer: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and
protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.
◉ Gene/protein coding gene Answer: The promoter is a base-pair
sequence that specifies where transcription begins.
The coding sequence is a base-pair sequence that includes coding
information for the polypeptide chain specified by the gene.
, The terminator is a sequence that specifies the end of the mRNA
transcript.
◉ Introns and exons Answer: Introns are removed from the mRNA
sequence, while exons remain
◉ alternative splicing Answer: Splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA
that occurs in different ways, leading to different mRNAs that code
for different proteins or protein isoforms. Increases the diversity of
proteins.
◉ Genome Answer: all of an organism's genetic material
◉ Genomic complexity Answer: number of genes and size of
genomes
◉ DNA Answer: A complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
◉ structure Answer: The arrangement of parts in an organism
◉ composition Answer: the makeup of something
REVIEW PACK COMPLETE QUESTION SET AND
CORE CONCEPT SUMMARY
◉ Mechanisms of diversification answers what? Answer:
Evolutionary change? Why there are so many species? How a species
adapts to its environment over time.
◉ 3 major axes of diversification Answer: Sexual Selection,
Vicariance, Trophic Morphology
◉ Ecology Answer: The study of how living things interact with each
other and their environment
◉ How do humans fit into ecology/evolution of other organisms?
Answer: They affect the other species and can speed up their
evolution and they impact the environment
◉ What percentage of species have gone extinct? Answer: 99%
◉ Is species discovery complete? Answer: No
,◉ What are the benefits of diversity? Answer: Change in species,
evolution, more diverse, benefit the environment
◉ Parts of the scientific method Answer: 1. observation
2. hypothesis
3. experiments
4. theory
5. law
◉ Correlation vs. Causation Answer: correlation does not equal
causation
◉ Independent and dependent variables Answer: independent
variable- the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied. (p. 32)
dependent variable- the outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. (p.
32)
◉ How do you asses the quality of information? Answer: Look at the
publishers and the site it comes from
,◉ Bias and pseudoscience Answer: Bias- when someone puts their
own opinion into their findings.
pseudoscience-a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly
regarded as being based on scientific method.
◉ Genotype vs. Phenotype Answer: Genotype refers to alleles
Phenotype refers to appearance
◉ transcription and translation Answer: Transcription- the
synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is
converted into a complementary RNA code.
Translation- the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template
where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid
sequence in a protein.
◉ Chromosome Answer: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and
protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.
◉ Gene/protein coding gene Answer: The promoter is a base-pair
sequence that specifies where transcription begins.
The coding sequence is a base-pair sequence that includes coding
information for the polypeptide chain specified by the gene.
, The terminator is a sequence that specifies the end of the mRNA
transcript.
◉ Introns and exons Answer: Introns are removed from the mRNA
sequence, while exons remain
◉ alternative splicing Answer: Splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA
that occurs in different ways, leading to different mRNAs that code
for different proteins or protein isoforms. Increases the diversity of
proteins.
◉ Genome Answer: all of an organism's genetic material
◉ Genomic complexity Answer: number of genes and size of
genomes
◉ DNA Answer: A complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
◉ structure Answer: The arrangement of parts in an organism
◉ composition Answer: the makeup of something
