BIO 250 FINAL EXAM 4 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
NOTES AND EXAM PREPARATION WORKBOOK
A+
◉ A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound
and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following
would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile
solution of the new medication? Answer: filtration
◉ Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of
autoclave sterilization? Answer: endospores are very hard to destroy
◉ which of the following is an example of pasteurization? Answer:
heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice
◉ which is CORRECT regarding the rate of microbial death? Answer:
cells in a culture die at a constant rate?
◉ which of the following factors will influence the action of
antimicrobial agents? Answer: - the number of microorganisms
-the type of microorganisms present
- temperature and ph
- mode and dosage of the agent
,◉ which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein
synthesis? Answer: interference with alanine - alanine bridges in
tetrapeptide
◉ an antibiotic is Answer: a naturally occurring compound that kills
microbes or inhibits their growth
◉ An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in
which of the following? Answer: cells become more susceptible to
osmotic pressure
◉ which of the following is NOT an approach to combat drug-
resistant bacteria? Answer: flood a patients system with healthy
bacteria to quickly remove access to nutrients and starve the
pathogen
◉ the mechanism of action of the antibiotic rifampin (used to treat
tuberculosis infections) is Answer: inhibition of nucleic acid
synthesis
◉ the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial amphotericin B id
Answer: disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane
, ◉ which of the following statements about drug resistance is
INCORRECT? Answer: it is not found in gram-positive bacteria
◉ drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when Answer:
exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing
overgrowth of resistant cells
◉ a compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified
in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would
be a Answer: semisynthetic antimicrobial
◉ Which group of synthetic antimicrobials act as anti-metabolic
drugs because they are structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid
(PABA)? Answer: sulfonamides
◉ which group of antimicrobials prevent the formation of a peptide
bond in protein synthesis? Answer: chloramphenicol
◉ microbes known as resident microbiota are Answer:
microorganisms that remain with the person throughout most of
their life
◉ Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in
that biological transmission Answer: involves reproduction of a
pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission
NOTES AND EXAM PREPARATION WORKBOOK
A+
◉ A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound
and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following
would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile
solution of the new medication? Answer: filtration
◉ Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of
autoclave sterilization? Answer: endospores are very hard to destroy
◉ which of the following is an example of pasteurization? Answer:
heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice
◉ which is CORRECT regarding the rate of microbial death? Answer:
cells in a culture die at a constant rate?
◉ which of the following factors will influence the action of
antimicrobial agents? Answer: - the number of microorganisms
-the type of microorganisms present
- temperature and ph
- mode and dosage of the agent
,◉ which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein
synthesis? Answer: interference with alanine - alanine bridges in
tetrapeptide
◉ an antibiotic is Answer: a naturally occurring compound that kills
microbes or inhibits their growth
◉ An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in
which of the following? Answer: cells become more susceptible to
osmotic pressure
◉ which of the following is NOT an approach to combat drug-
resistant bacteria? Answer: flood a patients system with healthy
bacteria to quickly remove access to nutrients and starve the
pathogen
◉ the mechanism of action of the antibiotic rifampin (used to treat
tuberculosis infections) is Answer: inhibition of nucleic acid
synthesis
◉ the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial amphotericin B id
Answer: disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane
, ◉ which of the following statements about drug resistance is
INCORRECT? Answer: it is not found in gram-positive bacteria
◉ drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when Answer:
exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing
overgrowth of resistant cells
◉ a compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified
in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would
be a Answer: semisynthetic antimicrobial
◉ Which group of synthetic antimicrobials act as anti-metabolic
drugs because they are structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid
(PABA)? Answer: sulfonamides
◉ which group of antimicrobials prevent the formation of a peptide
bond in protein synthesis? Answer: chloramphenicol
◉ microbes known as resident microbiota are Answer:
microorganisms that remain with the person throughout most of
their life
◉ Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in
that biological transmission Answer: involves reproduction of a
pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission
