BIO 1610 SLCC EXAM 2 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Redox Reactions in Aerobic Respiration. Answer: Breakdown of
sugars releasing energy
Reduction of NAD+/Oxidation of NADH
Reduction of ADP
◉ NAD+/NADH. Answer: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Electron Carrier
Coenzyme of dehydrogenases (remove 2 hydrogens)
◉ Difference between oxidized nicotinamide and reduced
nicotinamide. Answer: Oxidized has a N+ and 3 pi bonds
Reduced has 2 pi bonds and neutral N
◉ What does dehydrogenase do?. Answer: removes 2H, delivers 2
electrons and 1 proton to NAD+, releases 1 proton as H+
H-C-OH + NAD+ -> C=O + NADH + H+
,◉ ATP regenerated through ADP Phosphorylation, what are two
ways it happens?. Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation-electron
carriers power the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation-enzymatic transfer of phosphate to
ADP
◉ What are the layers of the Mitochondria?. Answer: Has outer
membrane, (inner membrane space), inner membrane, and matrix
with cristae to increase surface area (free ribosomes are also there)
◉ 2 Main Types of Energy Releasing Pathways?. Answer:
Fermentation
Cellular respiration
◉ Fermentation:. Answer: Anaerobic partial degradation of sugars
◉ Cellular Respiration. Answer: Consumes oxygen and organic
molecules and yields ATP
Glucose and oxygen breakdown into carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and
heat
◉ Anaerobic Pathway. Answer: Evolved first
Doesn't require oxygen
Start with glycolysis in cytoplasm
, Completed in cytoplasm
◉ Aerobic Pathway. Answer: Evolved later
Requires oxygen
Start with glycolysis in cytoplasm
Completed in mitochondria
◉ where does substrate level phosphorylation occur?. Answer: From
glycolysis and citric acid cycle
◉ where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?. Answer: Electron
Transport chain and chemiosmosis
(can receive electron from krebs cycle in form of NADH and FADH2)
◉ Order of Cellular respiration. Answer: Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
(Oxidative Phosphorylation)
◉ Glycolysis Energy Investment Phase. Answer: ATP converts
glucose to glucose 6-phosphate with hexokinase (irreversible)
Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to Fructose 6-phosphate with
phosphoglucoisomerase
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Redox Reactions in Aerobic Respiration. Answer: Breakdown of
sugars releasing energy
Reduction of NAD+/Oxidation of NADH
Reduction of ADP
◉ NAD+/NADH. Answer: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Electron Carrier
Coenzyme of dehydrogenases (remove 2 hydrogens)
◉ Difference between oxidized nicotinamide and reduced
nicotinamide. Answer: Oxidized has a N+ and 3 pi bonds
Reduced has 2 pi bonds and neutral N
◉ What does dehydrogenase do?. Answer: removes 2H, delivers 2
electrons and 1 proton to NAD+, releases 1 proton as H+
H-C-OH + NAD+ -> C=O + NADH + H+
,◉ ATP regenerated through ADP Phosphorylation, what are two
ways it happens?. Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation-electron
carriers power the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation-enzymatic transfer of phosphate to
ADP
◉ What are the layers of the Mitochondria?. Answer: Has outer
membrane, (inner membrane space), inner membrane, and matrix
with cristae to increase surface area (free ribosomes are also there)
◉ 2 Main Types of Energy Releasing Pathways?. Answer:
Fermentation
Cellular respiration
◉ Fermentation:. Answer: Anaerobic partial degradation of sugars
◉ Cellular Respiration. Answer: Consumes oxygen and organic
molecules and yields ATP
Glucose and oxygen breakdown into carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and
heat
◉ Anaerobic Pathway. Answer: Evolved first
Doesn't require oxygen
Start with glycolysis in cytoplasm
, Completed in cytoplasm
◉ Aerobic Pathway. Answer: Evolved later
Requires oxygen
Start with glycolysis in cytoplasm
Completed in mitochondria
◉ where does substrate level phosphorylation occur?. Answer: From
glycolysis and citric acid cycle
◉ where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?. Answer: Electron
Transport chain and chemiosmosis
(can receive electron from krebs cycle in form of NADH and FADH2)
◉ Order of Cellular respiration. Answer: Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
(Oxidative Phosphorylation)
◉ Glycolysis Energy Investment Phase. Answer: ATP converts
glucose to glucose 6-phosphate with hexokinase (irreversible)
Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to Fructose 6-phosphate with
phosphoglucoisomerase
