BIO 1610 SLCC EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Metabolic Pathways. Answer: Multi-step process
Molecule is modified into a final product
◉ Catabolic pathways. Answer: break molecules down
Release energy
◉ Anabolic pathways. Answer: Build molecules
Require energy
◉ Kinetic energy. Answer: energy of movement
◉ Potential energy. Answer: stored energy determined by location
◉ Chemical Energy. Answer: potential energy available in chemical
reactions
usually stored in bonds
,◉ 1st law of thermodynamics. Answer: Energy can be transferred
and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
◉ 2nd law of thermodynamics. Answer: Every energy transfer or
transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.
◉ What percentage of energy from food in humans leaves as heat?.
Answer: 60%
◉ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Answer: Nucleotide
Energy currency of the cell
Hydrolyzes to form ADP+Pi
◉ Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Answer: leads to change
of protein shape and allows motor proteins to "walk"
◉ What does ATP do to proteins?. Answer: ATP binds directly to
proteins and causes conformational change when hydrolyzed to ADP
◉ ATP cycle. Answer: Phosphate donated and ATP continually
remade
Energy harvested from nutrients to produce ATP
,◉ Protein catalysts. Answer: speed up reactions
◉ Enzymes (-ase). Answer: Reactions require energy for reaction to
proceed
Act by lowering reactions activation energy
Facilitate formation of the transition state
Never used up, just helps (catalyst)
◉ Enzyme and Temperature. Answer: As temperature increases so
dose the rate of reaction. But very high temperatures denture
enzymes.
Cold temperatures reduces speed of enzymes.
◉ Enzyme and pH. Answer: property that can alter the shape of an
enzyme, each has an optimal and any deviation can decrease the
enzyme activity
Once it denatures, it is done
◉ Active Site. Answer: Catalytic (and analytic) site of enzyme
Made form a few R groups
◉ Substrate. Answer: Specific Reactant that enzymes are highly
specific to
, For Sucrase it would be Sucrose
◉ Cofactor. Answer: Inorganic molecule (zinc, iron, magnesium) that
helps enzyme do job
◉ Coenzyme. Answer: Organic molecules (vitamins, ATP) that helps
enzyme do job
◉ Competitive Inhibition. Answer: Form of Enzyme Regulation
Molecule mimics the substrate and occupies the active site
(penicillin)
◉ Penicillin. Answer: Antibiotic (kills bacteria)
Naturally made by the fungus penicillium
Inhibits enzyme that makes bacterial cell walls
◉ Noncompetitive Inhibition. Answer: Form of Enzyme Regulation
Inhibitor binds not to the active site but an allosteric site and
changes the shape of the active site
Inhibiting the binding of the substrate
(Feed Back Loop)
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Metabolic Pathways. Answer: Multi-step process
Molecule is modified into a final product
◉ Catabolic pathways. Answer: break molecules down
Release energy
◉ Anabolic pathways. Answer: Build molecules
Require energy
◉ Kinetic energy. Answer: energy of movement
◉ Potential energy. Answer: stored energy determined by location
◉ Chemical Energy. Answer: potential energy available in chemical
reactions
usually stored in bonds
,◉ 1st law of thermodynamics. Answer: Energy can be transferred
and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
◉ 2nd law of thermodynamics. Answer: Every energy transfer or
transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.
◉ What percentage of energy from food in humans leaves as heat?.
Answer: 60%
◉ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Answer: Nucleotide
Energy currency of the cell
Hydrolyzes to form ADP+Pi
◉ Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Answer: leads to change
of protein shape and allows motor proteins to "walk"
◉ What does ATP do to proteins?. Answer: ATP binds directly to
proteins and causes conformational change when hydrolyzed to ADP
◉ ATP cycle. Answer: Phosphate donated and ATP continually
remade
Energy harvested from nutrients to produce ATP
,◉ Protein catalysts. Answer: speed up reactions
◉ Enzymes (-ase). Answer: Reactions require energy for reaction to
proceed
Act by lowering reactions activation energy
Facilitate formation of the transition state
Never used up, just helps (catalyst)
◉ Enzyme and Temperature. Answer: As temperature increases so
dose the rate of reaction. But very high temperatures denture
enzymes.
Cold temperatures reduces speed of enzymes.
◉ Enzyme and pH. Answer: property that can alter the shape of an
enzyme, each has an optimal and any deviation can decrease the
enzyme activity
Once it denatures, it is done
◉ Active Site. Answer: Catalytic (and analytic) site of enzyme
Made form a few R groups
◉ Substrate. Answer: Specific Reactant that enzymes are highly
specific to
, For Sucrase it would be Sucrose
◉ Cofactor. Answer: Inorganic molecule (zinc, iron, magnesium) that
helps enzyme do job
◉ Coenzyme. Answer: Organic molecules (vitamins, ATP) that helps
enzyme do job
◉ Competitive Inhibition. Answer: Form of Enzyme Regulation
Molecule mimics the substrate and occupies the active site
(penicillin)
◉ Penicillin. Answer: Antibiotic (kills bacteria)
Naturally made by the fungus penicillium
Inhibits enzyme that makes bacterial cell walls
◉ Noncompetitive Inhibition. Answer: Form of Enzyme Regulation
Inhibitor binds not to the active site but an allosteric site and
changes the shape of the active site
Inhibiting the binding of the substrate
(Feed Back Loop)
