BIO 1610 SLCC EXAM 2 FINAL STUDY PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ an animal cell regenerates. Answer: ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate by catablolism of organic molecules
◉ Phosphorylation. Answer: The transfer of a phosphate group,
usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on
ATP energizing other molecules by phosphorylation.
◉ oxidation-reduction reaction. Answer: a reaction that involves the
transfer of electrons between reactants
◉ oxidation. Answer: loss of electrons. Oxidizes X
◉ reduction. Answer: gaining electrons. Reduces Y
◉ Xe- + Y --> X + Ye-. Answer: X is the electron donor, Y is the
electron recipient
◉ Redox reaction can be ionic: -Na+Cl ---- Na+CL-. Answer: Sodium
is oxidized and chlorine is reduced
,◉ non-polar covalent bonds are coverted. Answer: to polar covalent
bonds
◉ the electrons move from positions equally distant. Answer:
between the two atoms into a closer position to oxygen, the more
electronegative atom.
◉ oxygen is one of the most. Answer: potent oxidizing agents
◉ Organic compounds. Answer: +O2 ---CO2+H2O+Energy
◉ ATP + Heat. Answer: C6H12O6+6O2 ---6CO2+6H2O+Energy
◉ NAD+. Answer: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
◉ cellular respiration. Answer: oxidizes sugar and produces ATP in
three main stages
◉ cellular respiration three stages. Answer: 1. Glycolysis occurs in
the cytoplasm. 2. The krebs cycle, citric acid cycel occurs in the
mitrochondria. 3. The electron transport chain occurs in the
mitrochondria.
, ◉ During glycolysis. Answer: glucose is split in two. 1. energy
investment phase. 2. energy payoff phase.
◉ The kreb cycle. Answer: named after Hans Krebs. Elucidating its
pathways in the 1930s.
◉ Krebs cycle occurs in the. Answer: mitochondrial matrix
◉ Acetyl CoA. Answer: enters the krebs cycle in the matrix
◉ The net yield from krebs / citric acid cycle. Answer: 8 NADH, 2
FADH, 2 ATP, 6 molecules of CO2
◉ ATP synthase. Answer: Large protein that uses energy from H+
ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
◉ proton-motive force. Answer: The potential energy stored in the
form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of
hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
◉ chemiosmosis. Answer: A process for synthesizing ATP using the
energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ an animal cell regenerates. Answer: ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate by catablolism of organic molecules
◉ Phosphorylation. Answer: The transfer of a phosphate group,
usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on
ATP energizing other molecules by phosphorylation.
◉ oxidation-reduction reaction. Answer: a reaction that involves the
transfer of electrons between reactants
◉ oxidation. Answer: loss of electrons. Oxidizes X
◉ reduction. Answer: gaining electrons. Reduces Y
◉ Xe- + Y --> X + Ye-. Answer: X is the electron donor, Y is the
electron recipient
◉ Redox reaction can be ionic: -Na+Cl ---- Na+CL-. Answer: Sodium
is oxidized and chlorine is reduced
,◉ non-polar covalent bonds are coverted. Answer: to polar covalent
bonds
◉ the electrons move from positions equally distant. Answer:
between the two atoms into a closer position to oxygen, the more
electronegative atom.
◉ oxygen is one of the most. Answer: potent oxidizing agents
◉ Organic compounds. Answer: +O2 ---CO2+H2O+Energy
◉ ATP + Heat. Answer: C6H12O6+6O2 ---6CO2+6H2O+Energy
◉ NAD+. Answer: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
◉ cellular respiration. Answer: oxidizes sugar and produces ATP in
three main stages
◉ cellular respiration three stages. Answer: 1. Glycolysis occurs in
the cytoplasm. 2. The krebs cycle, citric acid cycel occurs in the
mitrochondria. 3. The electron transport chain occurs in the
mitrochondria.
, ◉ During glycolysis. Answer: glucose is split in two. 1. energy
investment phase. 2. energy payoff phase.
◉ The kreb cycle. Answer: named after Hans Krebs. Elucidating its
pathways in the 1930s.
◉ Krebs cycle occurs in the. Answer: mitochondrial matrix
◉ Acetyl CoA. Answer: enters the krebs cycle in the matrix
◉ The net yield from krebs / citric acid cycle. Answer: 8 NADH, 2
FADH, 2 ATP, 6 molecules of CO2
◉ ATP synthase. Answer: Large protein that uses energy from H+
ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
◉ proton-motive force. Answer: The potential energy stored in the
form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of
hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
◉ chemiosmosis. Answer: A process for synthesizing ATP using the
energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
