BIOL 215 ACTUAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉simple diffusion. Answer: movement from high to low
concentration down concentration gradient
◉facilitated diffusion. Answer: diffuse across the plasma membrane
with help of membrane proteins
◉active transport. Answer: requires input of metabolic energy;
coupled to energy source
◉channel proteins. Answer: specific; open or gated; rate is
dependent on concentration; quicker than carrier
◉aquaporins. Answer: water specific channel proteins; passive flow
◉carrier proteins. Answer: specific; change shape; can become
saturated → ex: facilitated diffusion
◉electrochemical gradient. Answer: gradient of concentration and
charge that affects an ion
, ◉concentration gradient. Answer: form of potential energy
◉primary active transport. Answer: requires ATP
◉secondary active transport. Answer: uphill transport of one solute
across the membrane to downhill transport of another
◉uniporter. Answer: carries one specific ion/molecule
◉symporter. Answer: two different ions/molecules in same
direction
◉antiporter. Answer: two different ions/molecules in different
direction
◉sodium-potassium pump. Answer: maintains electrochemical
gradient in cells; 2 K+ in and 3 Na+ out; requires ATP
◉coupled transporter. Answer: couples the uphill transport of one
solute across the membrane to the downhill transport of another
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉simple diffusion. Answer: movement from high to low
concentration down concentration gradient
◉facilitated diffusion. Answer: diffuse across the plasma membrane
with help of membrane proteins
◉active transport. Answer: requires input of metabolic energy;
coupled to energy source
◉channel proteins. Answer: specific; open or gated; rate is
dependent on concentration; quicker than carrier
◉aquaporins. Answer: water specific channel proteins; passive flow
◉carrier proteins. Answer: specific; change shape; can become
saturated → ex: facilitated diffusion
◉electrochemical gradient. Answer: gradient of concentration and
charge that affects an ion
, ◉concentration gradient. Answer: form of potential energy
◉primary active transport. Answer: requires ATP
◉secondary active transport. Answer: uphill transport of one solute
across the membrane to downhill transport of another
◉uniporter. Answer: carries one specific ion/molecule
◉symporter. Answer: two different ions/molecules in same
direction
◉antiporter. Answer: two different ions/molecules in different
direction
◉sodium-potassium pump. Answer: maintains electrochemical
gradient in cells; 2 K+ in and 3 Na+ out; requires ATP
◉coupled transporter. Answer: couples the uphill transport of one
solute across the membrane to the downhill transport of another
