NR 545 FINAL PAPER 2026 EXAM Q&A
STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION
◉Chest pain PA. Answer: Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
◉Chest pain Pharm. Answer: Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and
widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
◉Chest pain risks. Answer: Risks and complications: Acute Coronary
Syndrome
◉Myocardial Infarction. Answer: blood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
,◉MI Patho. Answer: imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply
and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue
death.
◉MI PA. Answer: Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
◉MI Dx. Answer: Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one
week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
◉Atherosclerosis. Answer: when blood vessels that carry oxygen to
organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery
walls
Happens gradually.
, Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
◉Atherosclerosis patho. Answer: inflammatory process that begins
with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking, high
cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
◉Atherosclerosis PA. Answer: modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
◉Atherosclerosis Dx. Answer: Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
◉Atherosclerosis Pharm. Answer: Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE SOLUTION
◉Chest pain PA. Answer: Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
◉Chest pain Pharm. Answer: Pharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes and
widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
◉Chest pain risks. Answer: Risks and complications: Acute Coronary
Syndrome
◉Myocardial Infarction. Answer: blood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
,◉MI Patho. Answer: imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply
and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue
death.
◉MI PA. Answer: Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
◉MI Dx. Answer: Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one
week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
◉Atherosclerosis. Answer: when blood vessels that carry oxygen to
organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery
walls
Happens gradually.
, Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
◉Atherosclerosis patho. Answer: inflammatory process that begins
with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking, high
cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
◉Atherosclerosis PA. Answer: modifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
◉Atherosclerosis Dx. Answer: Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
◉Atherosclerosis Pharm. Answer: Pharm: Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
