D313 OA REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Atrial Diastole -both atria and ventricles are relaxed and repolarizing. blood enters the
atria and the AV valves are open. The SL valves are closed
2. Atrial Systole Begins with the P-wave.
-that atria contract, pushing remaining blood into the ventricles. AV
valves are open and SL valves are closed. Results in a preload or end
diastolic volume of 130mL in the ventricles
3. Ventricular
Sys- tole Begins with the QRS
complex Occurs during
Atrial Diastole
Stage 1: pressure increases and the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral
valves) close. All valves are now closed causing volume to remain the
same. This is isovolumetric contraction
Stage 2: Pressure increases to the point that the semi-lunar valves
4. ventricular (pulmonary and aortic valves) open. Blood is then forced into the
dias- tole
pulmonary artery and aorta. this is called ventricular ejection. The blood
that is pumped is the Stroke volume- 70-80mL. The remaining blood is
called the End Diastolic Volume- 50-60 mL
Occurs during atrial diastole and atrial systole
Begins with the T-wave.
Early- isovolumetric
relaxation; Late- verticular
filling;
-both ventricles are empty and are no longer contracting. They are
repolarizing. T-Wave.
-pressure is higher in the pulmonary artery and aorta f/t receiving blood
1/
30
,D313 OA REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS
from the ventricles,
causing the semi-lunar
valves (pulmonary and
aortic valves) to close.
The AV valves (tricuspid
and bicuspid/mitral valves)
are also closed d/t not
enough pressure from
the Atria, this causes
isovolumetric relaxation.
2/
30
, D313 OA REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS
5. Preload or End amount of blood in ventricle before it contracts
Diastolic
Volume
6. Afterload The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
7. capillary ex-
change -dittusion
mecha- nisms -bulk flow: filtration and absorption of large amounts of substances
-Vesicle Transport or transcytosis: endocytosis and exocytosis of lipid
8. Pressures insoluble substances
deter- mining
Bulk flow -Blood hydrostatic pressure- pressure generated by pumping action of
heart; pushes fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid, promoting
filtration.
-Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure- pressure of the interstitial fluid
surrounding cells pushing fluid from interstitial spaces back into
capillaries. Opposes BHP and promotes reabsorption.
-Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure- proteins suspended ion plasma that
are too large to pass through fenestrations or intercellular clefts
remain in capillaries, producing this force. Pulls fluid from interstitial fluid
9. Net into capillaries and promotes reabsorption.
Filtration -Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure- opposes BCOP, promoting filtration;
Pressure it is the pressure that pulls fluid from capillaries into interstitial fluid.
The value is usually small d/t lack of large proteins in ISF.
-indicates the direction of bulk flow
-Can be calculated using: NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)
10. NFP: net filtration pressure
BHP: blood hydrostatic pressure
IFOP: interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
BCOP: blood colloid osmotic pressure
IFHP: interstitial hydrostatic pressure
3/
30
CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Atrial Diastole -both atria and ventricles are relaxed and repolarizing. blood enters the
atria and the AV valves are open. The SL valves are closed
2. Atrial Systole Begins with the P-wave.
-that atria contract, pushing remaining blood into the ventricles. AV
valves are open and SL valves are closed. Results in a preload or end
diastolic volume of 130mL in the ventricles
3. Ventricular
Sys- tole Begins with the QRS
complex Occurs during
Atrial Diastole
Stage 1: pressure increases and the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral
valves) close. All valves are now closed causing volume to remain the
same. This is isovolumetric contraction
Stage 2: Pressure increases to the point that the semi-lunar valves
4. ventricular (pulmonary and aortic valves) open. Blood is then forced into the
dias- tole
pulmonary artery and aorta. this is called ventricular ejection. The blood
that is pumped is the Stroke volume- 70-80mL. The remaining blood is
called the End Diastolic Volume- 50-60 mL
Occurs during atrial diastole and atrial systole
Begins with the T-wave.
Early- isovolumetric
relaxation; Late- verticular
filling;
-both ventricles are empty and are no longer contracting. They are
repolarizing. T-Wave.
-pressure is higher in the pulmonary artery and aorta f/t receiving blood
1/
30
,D313 OA REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS
from the ventricles,
causing the semi-lunar
valves (pulmonary and
aortic valves) to close.
The AV valves (tricuspid
and bicuspid/mitral valves)
are also closed d/t not
enough pressure from
the Atria, this causes
isovolumetric relaxation.
2/
30
, D313 OA REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS
5. Preload or End amount of blood in ventricle before it contracts
Diastolic
Volume
6. Afterload The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
7. capillary ex-
change -dittusion
mecha- nisms -bulk flow: filtration and absorption of large amounts of substances
-Vesicle Transport or transcytosis: endocytosis and exocytosis of lipid
8. Pressures insoluble substances
deter- mining
Bulk flow -Blood hydrostatic pressure- pressure generated by pumping action of
heart; pushes fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid, promoting
filtration.
-Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure- pressure of the interstitial fluid
surrounding cells pushing fluid from interstitial spaces back into
capillaries. Opposes BHP and promotes reabsorption.
-Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure- proteins suspended ion plasma that
are too large to pass through fenestrations or intercellular clefts
remain in capillaries, producing this force. Pulls fluid from interstitial fluid
9. Net into capillaries and promotes reabsorption.
Filtration -Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure- opposes BCOP, promoting filtration;
Pressure it is the pressure that pulls fluid from capillaries into interstitial fluid.
The value is usually small d/t lack of large proteins in ISF.
-indicates the direction of bulk flow
-Can be calculated using: NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)
10. NFP: net filtration pressure
BHP: blood hydrostatic pressure
IFOP: interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
BCOP: blood colloid osmotic pressure
IFHP: interstitial hydrostatic pressure
3/
30
