NSG 122 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Heat Application.
Answer: The application of heat accelerates the inflammatory response to
promote healing.The application of local heat dilates peripheral blood
vessels, increases tissue metabolism, reduces blood viscosity and increases
capillary permeability, reduces muscle tension, and helps relieve pain.
Vasodilation increases local blood flow. In turn, the supply of oxygen and
nutrients to the area is increased, and venous congestion is decreasedCareful
on large parts of the body
◍ When emptying 350 mL of pale yellow urine from a client's urinal, the nurse
notes that this is the first time the client has voided in 4 hours. Which action
should the nurse take next?
A. Record the amount on the client's fluid output record.
B. Encourage the client to increase oral fluid intake.
C. Notify the health care provider of the findings.
D. Palpate the client's bladder for distention..
Answer: ARationale: The amount and appearance of the client's urine output
is within normal limits, so the nurse should record the output, but no
additional action is needed.
◍ To ensure the safety of a client who is receiving a continuous intravenous
normal saline infusion, the nurse should change the administration set
every:14 to 8 hours212 to 24 hours324 to 48 hours472 to 96 hours.
Answer: 4Best practice guidelines recommend replacing administration sets
no more frequently than 72 to 96 hours after initiation of use in patients not
receiving blood, blood products, or fat emulsions. This evidence-based
, practice is safe and cost effective. Changing the administration set every 4 to
48 hours is not a cost-effective practice
◍ A health care provider prescribes 500 mg of an antibiotic intravenous
piggyback (IVPB) every 12 hours. The vial of antibiotic contains 1 g and
indicates that the addition of 2.5 mL of sterile water will yield 3 mL of
reconstituted solution. How many milliliters of the antibiotic should be
added to the 50 mL IVPB bag? Record your answer using one decimal
place. __ mL.
Answer: 1.5
◍ Cheyne Stokes Respirations.
Answer: Signs of impending death: Noisy, irregular, or Cheyne-Stokes
respirationsCheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing
characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing
followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing
called an apnea
◍ 3 checks of safe medication administration.
Answer: 1) Before you pour, mix, or draw up a medication2) After you
prepare the medication3) At the bedside
◍ Immediate bystander CPRExplanation: The treatment of choice for v-fib is
immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation as
soon as possible, and activation of emergency services.
Answer: Which of the following is the treatment of choice for ventricular
fibrillation
◍ 24 Hour Urine Specimen.
Answer: Collection of ALL urine voided during a 24 hour period.Initiate a
collection at a specific time (which is recorded) by asking the patient to
empty the bladder. Discard this urine and then collect all urine voided for
the next 24 hours. At the end of the 24 hours, ask the patient to void. Add
this urine to the previously collected urine, and then send the entire
specimen to the laboratory.
,◍ 68.Before administering a client's medication, the nurse assesses a change in
the client's condition and decides to withhold the medication until consulting
with the healthcare provider. After consultation with the healthcare provider,
the dose of the medication is changed and the nurse administers the newly
prescribed dose an hour later than the originally scheduled time. What
action should the nurse implement in response to this situation?
A. Notify the charge nurse that a medication error occurred.
B. Submit a medication variance report to the supervisor.
C. Document the events that occurred in the nurses' notes.
D. Discard the original medication administration record..
Answer: The nurse took the correct action and should document the events
that occurred in the nurses' notes (C). (A) did not occur and (B) is not
indicated. The medication administration record is part of the client's
medical record and should be placed in the chart, (D) when no longer
current.Correct Answer: C
◍ The nurse plans to obtain health assessment information from a primary
source. Which option is a primary source for the completion of the health
assessment? A) Client. B) Healthcare provider. C) A family member. D)
Previous medical records.
Answer: A) ClientA primary source of information for a health assessment
is the client (A). (B, C, and D) are considered secondary sources about the
client's health history, but other details, such as subjective data, can only be
provided directly from the client.
◍ Fish Oil.
Answer: Of all the natural products, fish oil and glucosamine, chondroitin,
or a combination supplement were the products most commonly used by
adults in 2012.Beneficial to many aspects of health
◍ Clear Liquid Diet.
Answer: only clear liquids
◍ The duration of regular insulin is 4 to 6 hours; 3 to 5 hours is the duration
for rapid-acting insulin such as Novolog. The duration of NPH insulin is 12
, to 16 hours. The duration of Lantus insulin is 24 hoursHumalog is a
rapid-acting insulin. NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. A short-acting
insulin is Humulin-
R. An example of a long-acting insulin is Glargine (Lantus).
Answer: Duration of Insulin is:
◍ Fluid Volume Deficit- Sodium.
Answer: Hypernatremia: excess water loss and excess of sodiumThe cells of
the central nervous system are especially affected, resulting in signs of
neurologic impairment, including restlessness, weakness, disorientation,
delusion, and hallucinations
◍ A health care provider has prescribed isoniazid (Laniazid) for a client.
Which instruction should the nurse give the client about this
medication?1Prolonged use can cause dark concentrated urine.2The
medication is best absorbed when taken on an empty stomach.3Take the
medication with aluminum hydroxide to minimize GI upset.4Drinking
alcohol daily can cause drug-induced hepatitis.
Answer: 4Daily alcohol intake can cause drug induced hepatitis. Prolonged
use does not cause dark concentrated urine. The client should take isoniazid
with meals to decrease GI upset. Clients should avoid taking aluminum
antacids at the same time as this medication because it impairs absorption.
◍ DNR Action.
Answer: To prevent the improper use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
which is designed to prevent unexpected death, some health care providers
write Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, or No Code, on the medical record
of a patient if the patient or surrogate has expressed a wish that there be no
attempts to resuscitate the patient
◍ An elderly male client who is unresponsive following a cerebral vascular
accident (CVA) is receiving bolus enteral feedings though a gastrostomy
tube. What is the best client position for administration of the bolus tube
feedings? A) Prone. B) Fowler's. C) Sims'. D) Supine..
Answer: B) Fowler'sThe client should be positioned in a semi-sitting
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Heat Application.
Answer: The application of heat accelerates the inflammatory response to
promote healing.The application of local heat dilates peripheral blood
vessels, increases tissue metabolism, reduces blood viscosity and increases
capillary permeability, reduces muscle tension, and helps relieve pain.
Vasodilation increases local blood flow. In turn, the supply of oxygen and
nutrients to the area is increased, and venous congestion is decreasedCareful
on large parts of the body
◍ When emptying 350 mL of pale yellow urine from a client's urinal, the nurse
notes that this is the first time the client has voided in 4 hours. Which action
should the nurse take next?
A. Record the amount on the client's fluid output record.
B. Encourage the client to increase oral fluid intake.
C. Notify the health care provider of the findings.
D. Palpate the client's bladder for distention..
Answer: ARationale: The amount and appearance of the client's urine output
is within normal limits, so the nurse should record the output, but no
additional action is needed.
◍ To ensure the safety of a client who is receiving a continuous intravenous
normal saline infusion, the nurse should change the administration set
every:14 to 8 hours212 to 24 hours324 to 48 hours472 to 96 hours.
Answer: 4Best practice guidelines recommend replacing administration sets
no more frequently than 72 to 96 hours after initiation of use in patients not
receiving blood, blood products, or fat emulsions. This evidence-based
, practice is safe and cost effective. Changing the administration set every 4 to
48 hours is not a cost-effective practice
◍ A health care provider prescribes 500 mg of an antibiotic intravenous
piggyback (IVPB) every 12 hours. The vial of antibiotic contains 1 g and
indicates that the addition of 2.5 mL of sterile water will yield 3 mL of
reconstituted solution. How many milliliters of the antibiotic should be
added to the 50 mL IVPB bag? Record your answer using one decimal
place. __ mL.
Answer: 1.5
◍ Cheyne Stokes Respirations.
Answer: Signs of impending death: Noisy, irregular, or Cheyne-Stokes
respirationsCheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing
characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing
followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing
called an apnea
◍ 3 checks of safe medication administration.
Answer: 1) Before you pour, mix, or draw up a medication2) After you
prepare the medication3) At the bedside
◍ Immediate bystander CPRExplanation: The treatment of choice for v-fib is
immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation as
soon as possible, and activation of emergency services.
Answer: Which of the following is the treatment of choice for ventricular
fibrillation
◍ 24 Hour Urine Specimen.
Answer: Collection of ALL urine voided during a 24 hour period.Initiate a
collection at a specific time (which is recorded) by asking the patient to
empty the bladder. Discard this urine and then collect all urine voided for
the next 24 hours. At the end of the 24 hours, ask the patient to void. Add
this urine to the previously collected urine, and then send the entire
specimen to the laboratory.
,◍ 68.Before administering a client's medication, the nurse assesses a change in
the client's condition and decides to withhold the medication until consulting
with the healthcare provider. After consultation with the healthcare provider,
the dose of the medication is changed and the nurse administers the newly
prescribed dose an hour later than the originally scheduled time. What
action should the nurse implement in response to this situation?
A. Notify the charge nurse that a medication error occurred.
B. Submit a medication variance report to the supervisor.
C. Document the events that occurred in the nurses' notes.
D. Discard the original medication administration record..
Answer: The nurse took the correct action and should document the events
that occurred in the nurses' notes (C). (A) did not occur and (B) is not
indicated. The medication administration record is part of the client's
medical record and should be placed in the chart, (D) when no longer
current.Correct Answer: C
◍ The nurse plans to obtain health assessment information from a primary
source. Which option is a primary source for the completion of the health
assessment? A) Client. B) Healthcare provider. C) A family member. D)
Previous medical records.
Answer: A) ClientA primary source of information for a health assessment
is the client (A). (B, C, and D) are considered secondary sources about the
client's health history, but other details, such as subjective data, can only be
provided directly from the client.
◍ Fish Oil.
Answer: Of all the natural products, fish oil and glucosamine, chondroitin,
or a combination supplement were the products most commonly used by
adults in 2012.Beneficial to many aspects of health
◍ Clear Liquid Diet.
Answer: only clear liquids
◍ The duration of regular insulin is 4 to 6 hours; 3 to 5 hours is the duration
for rapid-acting insulin such as Novolog. The duration of NPH insulin is 12
, to 16 hours. The duration of Lantus insulin is 24 hoursHumalog is a
rapid-acting insulin. NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. A short-acting
insulin is Humulin-
R. An example of a long-acting insulin is Glargine (Lantus).
Answer: Duration of Insulin is:
◍ Fluid Volume Deficit- Sodium.
Answer: Hypernatremia: excess water loss and excess of sodiumThe cells of
the central nervous system are especially affected, resulting in signs of
neurologic impairment, including restlessness, weakness, disorientation,
delusion, and hallucinations
◍ A health care provider has prescribed isoniazid (Laniazid) for a client.
Which instruction should the nurse give the client about this
medication?1Prolonged use can cause dark concentrated urine.2The
medication is best absorbed when taken on an empty stomach.3Take the
medication with aluminum hydroxide to minimize GI upset.4Drinking
alcohol daily can cause drug-induced hepatitis.
Answer: 4Daily alcohol intake can cause drug induced hepatitis. Prolonged
use does not cause dark concentrated urine. The client should take isoniazid
with meals to decrease GI upset. Clients should avoid taking aluminum
antacids at the same time as this medication because it impairs absorption.
◍ DNR Action.
Answer: To prevent the improper use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
which is designed to prevent unexpected death, some health care providers
write Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, or No Code, on the medical record
of a patient if the patient or surrogate has expressed a wish that there be no
attempts to resuscitate the patient
◍ An elderly male client who is unresponsive following a cerebral vascular
accident (CVA) is receiving bolus enteral feedings though a gastrostomy
tube. What is the best client position for administration of the bolus tube
feedings? A) Prone. B) Fowler's. C) Sims'. D) Supine..
Answer: B) Fowler'sThe client should be positioned in a semi-sitting
