NSG 320 EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉In respiratory acidosis. Answer: "When you're on acid, you're
relaxing and HYPOventilating"
- pH is low and PaCO2 is high
- Caused by:
* HYPOVENTILATION
* Respiratory failure
* Asthma attacks
* COPD
* Chest injury or trauma
* Pulmonary edema
* Medications
* Obstructive sleep apnea
- Compensation may occur when kidneys conserve HCO3 and
secrete H into urine
◉In metabolic alkalosis. Answer: - pH and HCO3 are high and PaCO2
is high or normal
- Caused by:
* Vomiting
,* Gastric suction
* Extracellular fluid deficit
* Dehydration
* Circulatory shock
* Loop or thiazide diuretic use
* Hypokalemia
* Ingestion of baking soda
- Compensation occurs if CO2 is retained or HCO3 is excreted
◉In metabolic acidosis. Answer: - Kussmaul respirations
- pH and HCO3 are low and the PaCO2 is low or normal
- Caused by:
* Fasting/starving
* Cardiac arrest
* Sepsis
* Trauma
* Seizures
* Renal failure
* Severe diarrhea
- Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO2
◉Normal values for ABG. Answer: - pH: 7.35 - 7.45
,- PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
- PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
- SaO2: >95%
- Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L
◉Thyroid hormones. Answer: - TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
- T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
- T4: Thyroxine hormone
◉Euthyroid. Answer: - Normal functioning thyroid
◉Hypothyroidism. Answer: - Deficiency of thyroid hormone that
causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate
- Iodine deficiency is most common cause
*Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine*
◉Primary hypothyroidism. Answer: - Caused by destruction of
thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
- Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be
caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease
, ◉Secondary hypothyroidism. Answer: - Caused by pituitary disease
TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction with decreased-
releasing hormone (TRH) secretion
◉Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Answer: - Slow and low
- Decreased body processes
- Decreased cardiac contractility and output
- Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- Anemia
◉Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism. Answer: - TSH
higher than 4.5
◉Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism. Answer: - Thyroid
replacement
- Monitor for CV disease
- Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
- Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and/or
insomnia
- Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
- Nutrition therapy for weight loss
- Patient and caregiver teaching
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉In respiratory acidosis. Answer: "When you're on acid, you're
relaxing and HYPOventilating"
- pH is low and PaCO2 is high
- Caused by:
* HYPOVENTILATION
* Respiratory failure
* Asthma attacks
* COPD
* Chest injury or trauma
* Pulmonary edema
* Medications
* Obstructive sleep apnea
- Compensation may occur when kidneys conserve HCO3 and
secrete H into urine
◉In metabolic alkalosis. Answer: - pH and HCO3 are high and PaCO2
is high or normal
- Caused by:
* Vomiting
,* Gastric suction
* Extracellular fluid deficit
* Dehydration
* Circulatory shock
* Loop or thiazide diuretic use
* Hypokalemia
* Ingestion of baking soda
- Compensation occurs if CO2 is retained or HCO3 is excreted
◉In metabolic acidosis. Answer: - Kussmaul respirations
- pH and HCO3 are low and the PaCO2 is low or normal
- Caused by:
* Fasting/starving
* Cardiac arrest
* Sepsis
* Trauma
* Seizures
* Renal failure
* Severe diarrhea
- Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO2
◉Normal values for ABG. Answer: - pH: 7.35 - 7.45
,- PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
- PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
- SaO2: >95%
- Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L
◉Thyroid hormones. Answer: - TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
- T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
- T4: Thyroxine hormone
◉Euthyroid. Answer: - Normal functioning thyroid
◉Hypothyroidism. Answer: - Deficiency of thyroid hormone that
causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate
- Iodine deficiency is most common cause
*Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine*
◉Primary hypothyroidism. Answer: - Caused by destruction of
thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
- Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be
caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease
, ◉Secondary hypothyroidism. Answer: - Caused by pituitary disease
TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction with decreased-
releasing hormone (TRH) secretion
◉Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Answer: - Slow and low
- Decreased body processes
- Decreased cardiac contractility and output
- Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- Anemia
◉Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism. Answer: - TSH
higher than 4.5
◉Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism. Answer: - Thyroid
replacement
- Monitor for CV disease
- Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
- Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and/or
insomnia
- Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
- Nutrition therapy for weight loss
- Patient and caregiver teaching
