NSG 320 EXAMINATION 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWER COMPENDIUM
◉Metabolic syndrome. Answer: - Common condition that places
patients at risk for pre DM
- Associated with Type 2 DM
- Features:
* A1C 5.5%-6.5%
* Abdominal obesity
* Hyperglycemia fasting of more than 100
* Hypertension 130/85
* Hyperlipidemia trig more than 150 HDL less than 40-50
◉Type 1 DM. Answer: - Formerly known as juvenile-onset or
insulin-dependent
- Accounts for 5-10% of people
- Affects people under age of 40, but can occur at any age
- Osmotic effect of glucose products the manifestations of polydipsia
and polyuria
◉Clinical manifestations for type 1 DM. Answer: - CLASSIC
SYMPTOMS:
,* Polyuria
* Polydipsia
* Polyphagia
- Weight loss
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Rapid onset
- Insulin dependent
- Familial tendency
- Peak incidence between 10 to 15 years
◉Clinical manifestations of type 2 DM. Answer: - Fatigue
- Recurrent infections
- Prolonged wound healing
- Visual changes
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Familial tendency
- Average age of 50
- Hx of HTN
- Obese
- FBS more than 126
- Classic 3 P's
,- Dry mouth
- Fruity breath
- Altered flexes
- Confusion
- Coma
- Muscle wasting
- Blurred vison
- Numbness/tingling
◉Fasting. Answer: - No calorie intake for at least 8 hours
◉Normal blood sugar. Answer: 74 - 100 mg/dL
◉Pre DM. Answer: 101-125 mg/dL
◉Diagnostic studies associated with DM. Answer: - A1C of 6.5% or
higher
- Fasting glucose of 126 or higher
- Two hour glucose level during OGTT of 200
- Classic sxs of hyperglycemia with random glucose level of 200 or
higher
, ◉Micro vascular complications with DM. Answer: - Eye & vision
changes
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Male ED
- Cognitive dysfunction
◉Macro vascular complications with DM. Answer: - Reduced life
span d/t cardiovascular disease. May be related to thrombotic event
and/or MI
- Subtle signs of MI such as dyspnea, cough, extreme fatigue, sudden
onset of N/V
- Risk for stroke 2-4 times higher
- Risk for severe carotid atherosclerosis
- Elevated glucose levels at time of stroke result in greater brain
injury and higher mortality
◉Hyperglycemia. Answer: - "HOT & DRY, SUGAR IS HIGH"
- Blood glucose greater than 200
- Tx typically does not start until over 250
◉Hypoglycemia. Answer: - "COLD & CLAMMY, NEED SOME CANDY
- Blood glucose less than 70
ANSWER COMPENDIUM
◉Metabolic syndrome. Answer: - Common condition that places
patients at risk for pre DM
- Associated with Type 2 DM
- Features:
* A1C 5.5%-6.5%
* Abdominal obesity
* Hyperglycemia fasting of more than 100
* Hypertension 130/85
* Hyperlipidemia trig more than 150 HDL less than 40-50
◉Type 1 DM. Answer: - Formerly known as juvenile-onset or
insulin-dependent
- Accounts for 5-10% of people
- Affects people under age of 40, but can occur at any age
- Osmotic effect of glucose products the manifestations of polydipsia
and polyuria
◉Clinical manifestations for type 1 DM. Answer: - CLASSIC
SYMPTOMS:
,* Polyuria
* Polydipsia
* Polyphagia
- Weight loss
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Rapid onset
- Insulin dependent
- Familial tendency
- Peak incidence between 10 to 15 years
◉Clinical manifestations of type 2 DM. Answer: - Fatigue
- Recurrent infections
- Prolonged wound healing
- Visual changes
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Familial tendency
- Average age of 50
- Hx of HTN
- Obese
- FBS more than 126
- Classic 3 P's
,- Dry mouth
- Fruity breath
- Altered flexes
- Confusion
- Coma
- Muscle wasting
- Blurred vison
- Numbness/tingling
◉Fasting. Answer: - No calorie intake for at least 8 hours
◉Normal blood sugar. Answer: 74 - 100 mg/dL
◉Pre DM. Answer: 101-125 mg/dL
◉Diagnostic studies associated with DM. Answer: - A1C of 6.5% or
higher
- Fasting glucose of 126 or higher
- Two hour glucose level during OGTT of 200
- Classic sxs of hyperglycemia with random glucose level of 200 or
higher
, ◉Micro vascular complications with DM. Answer: - Eye & vision
changes
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Male ED
- Cognitive dysfunction
◉Macro vascular complications with DM. Answer: - Reduced life
span d/t cardiovascular disease. May be related to thrombotic event
and/or MI
- Subtle signs of MI such as dyspnea, cough, extreme fatigue, sudden
onset of N/V
- Risk for stroke 2-4 times higher
- Risk for severe carotid atherosclerosis
- Elevated glucose levels at time of stroke result in greater brain
injury and higher mortality
◉Hyperglycemia. Answer: - "HOT & DRY, SUGAR IS HIGH"
- Blood glucose greater than 200
- Tx typically does not start until over 250
◉Hypoglycemia. Answer: - "COLD & CLAMMY, NEED SOME CANDY
- Blood glucose less than 70
