NSG 121 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 2026
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DETAILED REVIEW
◉ Neuroscience. Answer: Branch of the life sciences that deals with the
structure and functioning of the brain and the neurons, nerves, and
nervous tissue that form the nervous system.
◉ Neuron. Answer: The specialized cell in the nervous system that
receives and sends messages within that system.
◉ Dendrites. Answer: The part of the neuron that receives messages
from other cells.
◉ Soma (Cell Body). Answer: The part of the cell that contains the
nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning.
◉ Axon. Answer: A fiber attached to the soma and its job is to carry
messages out to other cells.
◉ Axon Terminals. Answer: Responsible for communicating with other
nerves because the message travels through this.
,◉ Glial Cells. Answer: supportive cells of nervous system that guide
growth of new neurons; forms myelin sheath; holds neuron in place;
provides nourishment and removes waste
◉ Oligodendrocytes. Answer: Produce myelin in the central nervous
system.
◉ Schwann Cells. Answer: Produce myelin in the peripheral nervous
system.
◉ Myelin. Answer: Fatty
◉ Nerves. Answer: Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
◉ Resting Potential. Answer: The electrical potential when the cell is at
rest; made possible by balance between ions in and outside of the cell.
◉ Action Potential. Answer: Results from the change in electrical
charge. Cell fires; inside becomes positive relative to the outside of the
cell.
◉ All-or-None. Answer: When a neuron does fire, it does so in an _____
fashion.
, ◉ Neurotransmitters. Answer: Inside the neuron's synaptic vesicle,
function is transmit a message by going to the synapse.
◉ Synapse. Answer: Fluid filled space between the synaptic knob and
the dendrite of another neuron.
◉ Dendrites; Axons. Answer: _____ receive messages from other
neurons, and ____ send messages to other neurons.
◉ Serotonin. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, and
appetite. Contributes to depression and anxiety.
◉ Dopamine. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in the control of
movement and sensations of pleasure. Increase can lead to schixophrenia
and adhd.
◉ Acetylcholine. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in arousal,
attention, memory, and controls voluntary muscle contractions.
◉ Endorphins. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in pain relief.
◉ Antagonist (Inhibitory). Answer: A chemical substance that blocks or
reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DETAILED REVIEW
◉ Neuroscience. Answer: Branch of the life sciences that deals with the
structure and functioning of the brain and the neurons, nerves, and
nervous tissue that form the nervous system.
◉ Neuron. Answer: The specialized cell in the nervous system that
receives and sends messages within that system.
◉ Dendrites. Answer: The part of the neuron that receives messages
from other cells.
◉ Soma (Cell Body). Answer: The part of the cell that contains the
nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning.
◉ Axon. Answer: A fiber attached to the soma and its job is to carry
messages out to other cells.
◉ Axon Terminals. Answer: Responsible for communicating with other
nerves because the message travels through this.
,◉ Glial Cells. Answer: supportive cells of nervous system that guide
growth of new neurons; forms myelin sheath; holds neuron in place;
provides nourishment and removes waste
◉ Oligodendrocytes. Answer: Produce myelin in the central nervous
system.
◉ Schwann Cells. Answer: Produce myelin in the peripheral nervous
system.
◉ Myelin. Answer: Fatty
◉ Nerves. Answer: Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
◉ Resting Potential. Answer: The electrical potential when the cell is at
rest; made possible by balance between ions in and outside of the cell.
◉ Action Potential. Answer: Results from the change in electrical
charge. Cell fires; inside becomes positive relative to the outside of the
cell.
◉ All-or-None. Answer: When a neuron does fire, it does so in an _____
fashion.
, ◉ Neurotransmitters. Answer: Inside the neuron's synaptic vesicle,
function is transmit a message by going to the synapse.
◉ Synapse. Answer: Fluid filled space between the synaptic knob and
the dendrite of another neuron.
◉ Dendrites; Axons. Answer: _____ receive messages from other
neurons, and ____ send messages to other neurons.
◉ Serotonin. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, and
appetite. Contributes to depression and anxiety.
◉ Dopamine. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in the control of
movement and sensations of pleasure. Increase can lead to schixophrenia
and adhd.
◉ Acetylcholine. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in arousal,
attention, memory, and controls voluntary muscle contractions.
◉ Endorphins. Answer: Neurotransmitter involved in pain relief.
◉ Antagonist (Inhibitory). Answer: A chemical substance that blocks or
reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter.
