HESI - Medical Surgical Practice Exam Questions with Answers Graded A+
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values fol-
lowing administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value
leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing
tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl.
A. Serum PTT of 10 seconds
TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia,
B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl and hyperphosphatemia.
C. Oxygen saturation of 90%
D. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dl
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of se-
vere acute diverticulitis. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect this client to exhibit? A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever Left lower quadrant pain occurs with diverticulitis because
the sigmoid colon is the most common area for diverticula,
B. Severe pain at McBurney's point and nausea.
and the inflammation of diverticula causes a low-grade
fever.
C. Abdominal pain and intermittent tenesmus
D. Exacerbations of severe diarrhea
During CPR, when attempting to ventilate a client's lungs,
the nurse notes that the chest is not moving. What action B. Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the
should the nurse take first? proper position to open the airway.
A. Use a laryngoscope to check for a foreign body lodged The most frequent cause of inadequate aeration of the
in the esophagus. client's lungs during CPR is improper positioning of the
head resulting in occlusion of the airway. A foreign body
B. Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the
can occlude the airway, but this is not common unless
proper position to open the airway.
, HESI - Medical Surgical Practice Exam Questions with Answers Graded A+
C. Turn the client to the side and administer three back
blows.
choking preceded the cardiac emergency, and should not
be the nurse's first action.
D. Perform a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any
vomitus
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diag-
nosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The nurse knows that
the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias (such as E.
coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus) is very poor
because: B. Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibi-
otic therapy
A. They occur in the lower love alveoli which are more
sensitive to infection The gram-negative organisms are resistant to drug ther-
apy which makes recovery very diflcult. Gram-negative
B. Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibi- pneumonias attect all lobes of the lung. The mean age
otic therapy for contracting this type of pneumonia is 50 years, and
it usually strikes debilitated persons such as alcoholics,
C. They occur in healthy young adults who have recently diabetics, and those with chronic lung diseases.
been debilitated by an upper respiratory infection.
D. Gram-negative pneumonias usually attect infants and
small children.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following A. Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal
a cerebral hemorrhage, and vecuronium bromide (Nor- muscles.
curon) 0.04 mg/kg q12 hours IV is prescribed. What is the
priority nursing diagnosis for this client? To increase the client's tolerance of endotracheal intu-
bation and/or mechanical ventilation, a skeletal-muscle
A. Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal relaxant, such as vecuronium, is usually prescribed. Im-
muscles. paired communication is a serious outcome because the
client cannot communicate his/her needs due to intuba-
B. High risk for infection related to increased intracranial tion and diaphragmatic paralysis caused by the drug. Al-
pressure. though this client might also experience, it is not a priority
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values fol-
lowing administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value
leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing
tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl.
A. Serum PTT of 10 seconds
TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia,
B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl and hyperphosphatemia.
C. Oxygen saturation of 90%
D. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dl
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of se-
vere acute diverticulitis. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect this client to exhibit? A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever Left lower quadrant pain occurs with diverticulitis because
the sigmoid colon is the most common area for diverticula,
B. Severe pain at McBurney's point and nausea.
and the inflammation of diverticula causes a low-grade
fever.
C. Abdominal pain and intermittent tenesmus
D. Exacerbations of severe diarrhea
During CPR, when attempting to ventilate a client's lungs,
the nurse notes that the chest is not moving. What action B. Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the
should the nurse take first? proper position to open the airway.
A. Use a laryngoscope to check for a foreign body lodged The most frequent cause of inadequate aeration of the
in the esophagus. client's lungs during CPR is improper positioning of the
head resulting in occlusion of the airway. A foreign body
B. Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the
can occlude the airway, but this is not common unless
proper position to open the airway.
, HESI - Medical Surgical Practice Exam Questions with Answers Graded A+
C. Turn the client to the side and administer three back
blows.
choking preceded the cardiac emergency, and should not
be the nurse's first action.
D. Perform a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any
vomitus
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diag-
nosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The nurse knows that
the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias (such as E.
coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus) is very poor
because: B. Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibi-
otic therapy
A. They occur in the lower love alveoli which are more
sensitive to infection The gram-negative organisms are resistant to drug ther-
apy which makes recovery very diflcult. Gram-negative
B. Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibi- pneumonias attect all lobes of the lung. The mean age
otic therapy for contracting this type of pneumonia is 50 years, and
it usually strikes debilitated persons such as alcoholics,
C. They occur in healthy young adults who have recently diabetics, and those with chronic lung diseases.
been debilitated by an upper respiratory infection.
D. Gram-negative pneumonias usually attect infants and
small children.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following A. Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal
a cerebral hemorrhage, and vecuronium bromide (Nor- muscles.
curon) 0.04 mg/kg q12 hours IV is prescribed. What is the
priority nursing diagnosis for this client? To increase the client's tolerance of endotracheal intu-
bation and/or mechanical ventilation, a skeletal-muscle
A. Impaired communication related to paralysis of skeletal relaxant, such as vecuronium, is usually prescribed. Im-
muscles. paired communication is a serious outcome because the
client cannot communicate his/her needs due to intuba-
B. High risk for infection related to increased intracranial tion and diaphragmatic paralysis caused by the drug. Al-
pressure. though this client might also experience, it is not a priority
