ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND
PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM comprehensive
questions and verified accurate solution
(detailed & elaborated) 2026 TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (60)
,You are counseling a 45-year-old B
male with elevated LDL-
cholesterol. When discussing In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA)
dietary changes to promote healthy issued lifestyle management guidelines designed
lipid levels, which one of the to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult patients
following would be accurate with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA
advice? advises following diet plans such as the Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet,
He should minimize his the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The
consumption of nuts AHA specifically recommends reducing the
The Dietary Approaches to Stop percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
Hypertension (DASH) diet for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source.
recommended for reducing The AHA also recommends a diet that
hypertension will help lower his emphasizes the consumption of fruits,
LDL-cholesterol level vegetables, and whole grains, and which includes
Saturated fats should comprise 15% fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products, legumes,
or less of his caloric intake nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts.
He should aim for a fiber intake of Consumption of red meat, sweets, and sugar-
25 g daily sweetened beverages should be
He should record what he has discouraged.Although dietary fiber has been
eaten in a food diary at the end of shown to have several beneficial health effects,
each day the average daily intake for most Americans is 15
g daily, which is much lower than the
recommended amount. The recommended daily
fiber intake for males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For
other populations the recommended amount is
lower, and varies according to age and sex.
Several randomized, controlled trials have shown
a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect
of dietary behavior change but it is most accurate
if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
,A 24-year-old female sees you for a D
preconception visit and removal of
her IUD. This will be her first There are many reproductive problems related to
pregnancy and she tells you that smoking, including conception delay and both
she has smoked ¼-½ pack of primary and secondary infertility; an increased
cigarettes a day for the past 5 risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous
years.Which one of the following abortion; an increased risk of abruption, preterm
would be appropriate advice rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and
regarding the risks from smoking? premature delivery; and increased perinatal
morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth, low
Smoking during pregnancy birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001
increases the risk of attention- Surgeon General's Report on women and
deficit/hyperactivity disorder smoking makes it clear that stopping smoking
Smoking during pregnancy during pregnancy reduces and sometimes
increases the risk of clubfoot eliminates many of these consequences.Small for
Smoking during pregnancy gestational age (SGA) infants are a dose-
increases the risk of congenital dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with
atrial septal defects an odds ratio (OR) of 2.11 when women smoke
Stopping smoking now will reduce throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR
the increased risk of orofacial 1.15) and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased.
defects in her infant The risk of having an SGA infant is avoided if
Reducing smoking now will reduce smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity
the risk of preterm delivery and increased fetal death are not.In 2014 the U.S.
Surgeon General issued a new report on the
health consequences of smoking that noted that
the evidence was strong enough to infer a causal
link between maternal smoking and orofacial
clefts. This was still true when the Surgeon
General issued a report on smoking cessation in
2020. No link could be inferred, however,
between smoking and other congenital defects,
including clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal
defects. There is no evidence that maternal
smoking leads to increased rates of childhood
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
, A 55-year-old male expresses D
concern about his inability to
maintain an erection that allows for Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an
satisfactory sexual intercourse with estimated 30 million men in the United States,
his wife. He takes over-the-counter and becomes more common with advancing age.
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at The Health Professionals Follow-up Study
night for sleep and takes a daily reported moderate to severe ED in 12% of men
multivitamin. He says he drinks one younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and
12-ounce beer 2-3 times per week. 30% of men older than 69.It was previously
A physical examination is normal, thought that the majority of cases of ED were
including his blood pressure.Which caused by psychogenic factors such as family or
one of the following would you tell occupational stress. However, evidence suggests
him? that approximately 80% of ED is due to organic
disease, which can be divided into hormonal,
Most cases of erectile dysfunction vasculogenic, and neurogenic causes.
(ED) have a psychogenic etiology Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common,
Diphenhydramine has little impact with arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for
on his ED more problems than venous disorders. The
Abstaining from alcohol use will patient should be advised that their ED is a risk
improve his symptoms factor for underlying cardiovascular disease and
Erectile dysfunction may be an that further evaluation may be appropriate. It is
early indication of vascular disease important to remember, however, that even
About 5% of men his age though the primary etiology of ED is most often
experience ED organic, psychological factors frequently coexist
and play a role in the dysfunction.Many
medications can cause or contribute to ED. It is
estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases are
due to medication side effects. This highlights the
crucial role of the primary care physician in
reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED.
Common offenders include antihistamines,
antihypertensives and diuretics such as
hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone,
psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and
anti-epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether
low amounts of alcohol cause erectile
dysfunction.
PREVENTIVE CARE EXAM comprehensive
questions and verified accurate solution
(detailed & elaborated) 2026 TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (60)
,You are counseling a 45-year-old B
male with elevated LDL-
cholesterol. When discussing In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA)
dietary changes to promote healthy issued lifestyle management guidelines designed
lipid levels, which one of the to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult patients
following would be accurate with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA
advice? advises following diet plans such as the Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet,
He should minimize his the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The
consumption of nuts AHA specifically recommends reducing the
The Dietary Approaches to Stop percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
Hypertension (DASH) diet for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source.
recommended for reducing The AHA also recommends a diet that
hypertension will help lower his emphasizes the consumption of fruits,
LDL-cholesterol level vegetables, and whole grains, and which includes
Saturated fats should comprise 15% fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products, legumes,
or less of his caloric intake nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts.
He should aim for a fiber intake of Consumption of red meat, sweets, and sugar-
25 g daily sweetened beverages should be
He should record what he has discouraged.Although dietary fiber has been
eaten in a food diary at the end of shown to have several beneficial health effects,
each day the average daily intake for most Americans is 15
g daily, which is much lower than the
recommended amount. The recommended daily
fiber intake for males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For
other populations the recommended amount is
lower, and varies according to age and sex.
Several randomized, controlled trials have shown
a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect
of dietary behavior change but it is most accurate
if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
,A 24-year-old female sees you for a D
preconception visit and removal of
her IUD. This will be her first There are many reproductive problems related to
pregnancy and she tells you that smoking, including conception delay and both
she has smoked ¼-½ pack of primary and secondary infertility; an increased
cigarettes a day for the past 5 risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous
years.Which one of the following abortion; an increased risk of abruption, preterm
would be appropriate advice rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and
regarding the risks from smoking? premature delivery; and increased perinatal
morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth, low
Smoking during pregnancy birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001
increases the risk of attention- Surgeon General's Report on women and
deficit/hyperactivity disorder smoking makes it clear that stopping smoking
Smoking during pregnancy during pregnancy reduces and sometimes
increases the risk of clubfoot eliminates many of these consequences.Small for
Smoking during pregnancy gestational age (SGA) infants are a dose-
increases the risk of congenital dependent outcome of maternal smoking, with
atrial septal defects an odds ratio (OR) of 2.11 when women smoke
Stopping smoking now will reduce throughout pregnancy. Risks for prematurity (OR
the increased risk of orofacial 1.15) and fetal death (OR 1.15) are also increased.
defects in her infant The risk of having an SGA infant is avoided if
Reducing smoking now will reduce smoking is reduced, but the risks for prematurity
the risk of preterm delivery and increased fetal death are not.In 2014 the U.S.
Surgeon General issued a new report on the
health consequences of smoking that noted that
the evidence was strong enough to infer a causal
link between maternal smoking and orofacial
clefts. This was still true when the Surgeon
General issued a report on smoking cessation in
2020. No link could be inferred, however,
between smoking and other congenital defects,
including clubfoot, gastroschisis, and atrial septal
defects. There is no evidence that maternal
smoking leads to increased rates of childhood
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
, A 55-year-old male expresses D
concern about his inability to
maintain an erection that allows for Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common, affecting an
satisfactory sexual intercourse with estimated 30 million men in the United States,
his wife. He takes over-the-counter and becomes more common with advancing age.
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at The Health Professionals Follow-up Study
night for sleep and takes a daily reported moderate to severe ED in 12% of men
multivitamin. He says he drinks one younger than 59, 22% of men ages 60-69, and
12-ounce beer 2-3 times per week. 30% of men older than 69.It was previously
A physical examination is normal, thought that the majority of cases of ED were
including his blood pressure.Which caused by psychogenic factors such as family or
one of the following would you tell occupational stress. However, evidence suggests
him? that approximately 80% of ED is due to organic
disease, which can be divided into hormonal,
Most cases of erectile dysfunction vasculogenic, and neurogenic causes.
(ED) have a psychogenic etiology Vasculogenic etiologies are the most common,
Diphenhydramine has little impact with arterial or "inflow" disorders accounting for
on his ED more problems than venous disorders. The
Abstaining from alcohol use will patient should be advised that their ED is a risk
improve his symptoms factor for underlying cardiovascular disease and
Erectile dysfunction may be an that further evaluation may be appropriate. It is
early indication of vascular disease important to remember, however, that even
About 5% of men his age though the primary etiology of ED is most often
experience ED organic, psychological factors frequently coexist
and play a role in the dysfunction.Many
medications can cause or contribute to ED. It is
estimated that as many as 25% of ED cases are
due to medication side effects. This highlights the
crucial role of the primary care physician in
reviewing medication lists and modifying
treatment regimens as part of addressing ED.
Common offenders include antihistamines,
antihypertensives and diuretics such as
hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone,
psychoactive medications including SSRIs, and
anti-epilepsy medications. It is not clear whether
low amounts of alcohol cause erectile
dysfunction.
