NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
1. Etiology Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
4. Hypertrophy Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
6. Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a ditterent mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers,
cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia Cells are ditterent looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
9. Apoptosis Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
10. Ischemia Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia Reduced oxygen in the tissues
12. Iatrogenic illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Re- Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be
cessive Disorders carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylke- autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
tonuria) Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs
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, NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal
cord
17. Autosomal Domi- Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease
nant Disorders or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syn- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
drome
19. Huntington's Dis- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involun-
ease tary movements
20. Familial Hyperc- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
holesterolemia
21. X-Linked Disor- Disorder carried on the x chromosome
ders
22. Recessive Color blindness, more prominent in males, XcY male color blind, XcXc female color
X-Linked blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.
Disorders
23. Chromosomal not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome
Disorder
24. Types of Chromo- Down's Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome
somal Disorders
25. Down's Syn- Trisomy 21
drome
26. Turner Syndrome Only attects females, short stature, infertility, XO
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1. Etiology Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
4. Hypertrophy Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
6. Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a ditterent mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers,
cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia Cells are ditterent looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
9. Apoptosis Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
10. Ischemia Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia Reduced oxygen in the tissues
12. Iatrogenic illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Re- Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be
cessive Disorders carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylke- autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
tonuria) Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs
1/6
, NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal
cord
17. Autosomal Domi- Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease
nant Disorders or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syn- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
drome
19. Huntington's Dis- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involun-
ease tary movements
20. Familial Hyperc- Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
holesterolemia
21. X-Linked Disor- Disorder carried on the x chromosome
ders
22. Recessive Color blindness, more prominent in males, XcY male color blind, XcXc female color
X-Linked blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.
Disorders
23. Chromosomal not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome
Disorder
24. Types of Chromo- Down's Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome
somal Disorders
25. Down's Syn- Trisomy 21
drome
26. Turner Syndrome Only attects females, short stature, infertility, XO
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