NURS100 Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review 2026 – WCU
1. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a patient. Which of the
following is considered subjective data?
A. Blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg
B. A visible skin rash on the abdomen
C. The patient’s report of sharp chest pain
D. A heart rate of 88 beats per minute
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are the patient’s perceptions, feelings, and sensations that
cannot be objectively measured by the nurse.
2. Which phase of the nursing process involves setting priorities and establishing
measurable patient goals?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Answer: D
Rationale: During the planning phase, the nurse identifies patient-centered goals and
outlines nursing interventions to achieve those goals.
,3. To prevent the spread of infection, what is the single most important action a
nurse can take?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Using sterile technique for all procedures
C. Proper hand hygiene
D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the primary and most effective method for preventing the
transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
4. A patient has a Braden Scale score of 12. What does this indicate regarding
the patient’s skin integrity?
A. No risk for pressure injury
B. Low risk for pressure injury
C. The patient has an existing Stage 4 ulcer
D. High risk for pressure injury
Answer: D
Rationale: A lower Braden Scale score indicates a higher risk for pressure injury
development; a score of 12 is generally considered high risk.
5. When performing orthostatic blood pressure measurements, which finding
suggests orthostatic hypotension?
A. An increase in systolic BP of 10 mmHg when standing
B. A decrease in diastolic BP of 5 mmHg when standing
C. A heart rate decrease of 5 bpm when sitting
D. A decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg when moving from lying to standing
Answer: D
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in systolic BP of at least 20 mmHg
or diastolic BP of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing.
, 6. Which of the following is the correct sequence for donning Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)?
A. Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask
B. Mask, Gown, Goggles, Gloves
C. Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves
D. Goggles, Mask, Gloves, Gown
Answer: C
Rationale: The recommended donning order is Gown, then Mask/Respirator, then
Goggles/Face Shield, then Gloves.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection into the
ventrogluteal site. Which landmarks should the nurse use?
A. Greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, and iliac crest
B. Acromion process and the axillary line
C. Patella and the greater trochanter
D. Posterior superior iliac spine and the gluteal fold
Answer: A
Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is identified by placing the palm over the greater
trochanter and the index finger on the anterior superior iliac spine.
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who is on ‘Airborne Precautions.’ Which
piece of PPE is mandatory specifically for this type of precaution?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown
D. Shoe covers
Answer: A
Rationale: Airborne precautions require the use of a fitted N95 respirator to filter out
small droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air.
1. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a patient. Which of the
following is considered subjective data?
A. Blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg
B. A visible skin rash on the abdomen
C. The patient’s report of sharp chest pain
D. A heart rate of 88 beats per minute
Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data are the patient’s perceptions, feelings, and sensations that
cannot be objectively measured by the nurse.
2. Which phase of the nursing process involves setting priorities and establishing
measurable patient goals?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Answer: D
Rationale: During the planning phase, the nurse identifies patient-centered goals and
outlines nursing interventions to achieve those goals.
,3. To prevent the spread of infection, what is the single most important action a
nurse can take?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Using sterile technique for all procedures
C. Proper hand hygiene
D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the primary and most effective method for preventing the
transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
4. A patient has a Braden Scale score of 12. What does this indicate regarding
the patient’s skin integrity?
A. No risk for pressure injury
B. Low risk for pressure injury
C. The patient has an existing Stage 4 ulcer
D. High risk for pressure injury
Answer: D
Rationale: A lower Braden Scale score indicates a higher risk for pressure injury
development; a score of 12 is generally considered high risk.
5. When performing orthostatic blood pressure measurements, which finding
suggests orthostatic hypotension?
A. An increase in systolic BP of 10 mmHg when standing
B. A decrease in diastolic BP of 5 mmHg when standing
C. A heart rate decrease of 5 bpm when sitting
D. A decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg when moving from lying to standing
Answer: D
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in systolic BP of at least 20 mmHg
or diastolic BP of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing.
, 6. Which of the following is the correct sequence for donning Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)?
A. Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask
B. Mask, Gown, Goggles, Gloves
C. Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves
D. Goggles, Mask, Gloves, Gown
Answer: C
Rationale: The recommended donning order is Gown, then Mask/Respirator, then
Goggles/Face Shield, then Gloves.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection into the
ventrogluteal site. Which landmarks should the nurse use?
A. Greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, and iliac crest
B. Acromion process and the axillary line
C. Patella and the greater trochanter
D. Posterior superior iliac spine and the gluteal fold
Answer: A
Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is identified by placing the palm over the greater
trochanter and the index finger on the anterior superior iliac spine.
8. The nurse is caring for a patient who is on ‘Airborne Precautions.’ Which
piece of PPE is mandatory specifically for this type of precaution?
A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown
D. Shoe covers
Answer: A
Rationale: Airborne precautions require the use of a fitted N95 respirator to filter out
small droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air.
