AFAB 130 Midterm Exam Study Questions with Verified Answers | Latest Edition

AFAB 130 Midterm Exam Study Questions with Verified Answers | Latest Edition 1. What is Ethics? - ANSWER In its simplest terms, Ethics is the study of "how to live life well" (Beabout & Wennemann) 2. -6 Moral principles upon which decisions or actions of an individual or a group are based. *The principle of autonomy - Respect the autonomy of others *The principle of non-maleficence - Do not inflict harm on others *The principle of beneficence - Promote the good of others *The principle of justice - Give others what is owed or due to them; give others what they deserve *The principle of truth-telling - Disclose all relevant information honestly and intelligibly; do not intentionally deceive *The principle of promise-keeping - Be faithful to just agreements; honor contracts 3. What are Morals? - ANSWER Concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior 4. What is meant by "professionalism"? - ANSWER The ability to work in teams with an emphasis on interpersonal communication and goal sharing The ability to maintain high individual and systemic reliability under varying levels of degrading factors Dedicated to using one's skills for the betterment of others 5. What are Kohlberg's 3 categories of decision makers? - ANSWER Level 1: Self-Interest:decision makers tend to abide by the published rules such as regulations or corporate policies out of fear of prosecution if these rules were violated. Level 2: Conformity to One's Society: tend to abide by the unpublished rules of their social groups - the rules that enable acceptance or membership of the desired group. Level-3 Principle of Respect: are risk-based decision-makers who are able to ascertain the risks involved in their decisions and then choose their course of action. 6. What are three characteristics that enable a person to stand up against unethical or legal violations? - ANSWER Personal confidence in own skills Professional pride Strong support system 7. What is "Data-Smoothing"? - ANSWER Term used to falsify data so that it is within certain allowable limits. 8. What are the 12 Human Factors? - ANSWER Lack of Communication - This is simply the failure to exchange information. The training should focus on not only how this comes to happen, but also what safety net will prevent it. Very simply, in good communication, "the mental pictures must match." Complacency - This is where we become so self-satisfied that we lose awareness of dangers. It is sometimes called overconficence and creeps in as we become more proficient at what we do. Awareness of this insidious contributing factor is one of the safety nets that helps reduce it. Lack of Knowledge - With constantly changing technology, this contributor to an error is more common than we think. Add to that the fact that the average human only retains about 20% of what they learn, unless they use it often. Training is one of the best safety nets we have to help human error. Distraction - This is anything that takes your mind off the job at hand even for an instant. Our mind works much quicker than our hands, and thus we are always thinking ahead. Any distraction can cause us to think we are further ahead than we actually are. This contributing factor is known to be responsible for at least 15% of all aviation accidents. Lack of Teamwork - The larger an organization becomes, the more common this contributing factor is. Because teamwork is constantly evolving and changing, it must be constantly worked on to prevent accidents from occurring. It is hard to gain and very easy to lose. Fatigue - This is considered the number one contributor to human error. It is insidious, and the person fails to realize just how much his/her judgement is impaired until it's too late. Fatigue seldom works alone but is a contributor to one or more of the other dirty dozen. Lack of Resources - Lack of resources to safely carry out a task has caused many fatal accidents. For example, an airc 9. What is "Behavior Modeling"? - ANSWER People believing that what a person in charge/supervisory position does is okay for them to do. Behavior modeling is the precise demonstration of a desired behavior. According to the theory, we learn not only by doing, but by watching what others do. 10.What is Safety Ethics? - ANSWER Don't do any harm, be honest in your dealings, do a good job Personal safety ethics are considered to be safety related ethics that an individual strongly believes in. Professional safety ethics are more company mandated, and don't necessarily align themselves with personal safety ethics. 11.What is meant by "whistle blowing'? - ANSWER The disclosure by a person, usually an employee in a government agency or private enterprise, to the public or to those in authority, of mismanagement, corruption, illegality, or some other wrongdoing. 12.What is meant by "pencil whipping"? - ANSWER It is signing for a job that has not been performed