Most tested Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions and answers

What organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in a eukaryotic cell? ️️ The mitochondrion produces ATP through cellular respiration. Which biological molecule stores genetic information in living organisms? ️️ DNA stores genetic information in all living organisms. What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell? ️️ Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA. What process allows cells to divide into two identical daughter cells? ️️ Mitosis allows a cell to divide into two genetically identical cells. Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell? ️️ The cell membrane regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell. What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells? ️️ Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose. What type of biomolecule are enzymes? ️️ Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell? ️️ The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities. What process converts glucose into usable cellular energy without oxygen? ️️ Anaerobic respiration produces energy without oxygen. What is the basic unit of life? ️️ The cell is the basic unit of life. What is diffusion in biological systems? ️️ Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration. What is osmosis? ️️ Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Which biomolecule is the primary source of quick energy? ️️ Carbohydrates provide quick energy for cells. 2 What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ️️ The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for transport. What is the main role of lysosomes? ️️ Lysosomes break down waste and cellular debris. What phase of mitosis involves chromosome separation? ️️ Anaphase is when chromosomes are pulled apart. What is the function of DNA replication? ️️ DNA replication produces identical copies of DNA before cell division. What is the role of mRNA? ️️ mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes. What is homeostasis? ️️ Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions. What is active transport? ️️ Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient using energy. What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells? ️️ Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products. What is a gene? ️️ A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait or protein. What is the purpose of meiosis? ️️ Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. What is ATP? ️️ ATP is the energy currency of the cell. What is fermentation? ️️ Fermentation is a process that generates energy without oxygen. What is the role of tRNA? ️️ tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. What is a lipid? ️️ Lipids are biomolecules used for energy storage and membrane structure. What is the function of the cell wall? ️️ The cell wall provides support and protection in plant cells. 3 What is the role of enzymes in metabolism? ️️ Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions. What is selective permeability? ️️ Selective permeability allows certain substances to pass through a membrane. What is photosynthesis? ️️ Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into glucose. What is cellular respiration? ️️ Cellular respiration is the process of producing ATP from glucose. What is the function of centrioles? ️️ Centrioles help organize microtubules during cell division. What is DNA made of? ️️ DNA is made of nucleotides. What is a protein composed of? ️️ Proteins are composed of amino acids. What is the role of the cytoplasm? ️️ The cytoplasm suspends organelles and supports cellular processes. What is a prokaryotic cell? ️️ A prokaryotic cell is a cell without a nucleus. What is a eukaryotic cell? ️️ A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ It synthesizes and processes proteins. What is genetic mutation? ️️ A mutation is a change in DNA sequence. What is the role of chlorophyll? ️️ Chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. What is binary fission? ️️ Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria. 4 What is the function of RNA polymerase? ️️ RNA polymerase builds RNA from a DNA template. What is a phenotype? ️️ A phenotype is the observable expression of genes. What is a genotype? ️️ A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.