NUR390 EXAM 4 BLUEPRINT 2026 REVISION
NOTES AND STRUCTURED MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ How did wars affect nursing history. Answer: Wars increase the
need for nurses
◉ Crimean War effect on nursing. Answer: public outcry in Great
Britain. The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this
problem is well known. Nightingale and her nurses transformed the
military hospitals by setting up sanitation practices, such as hand
washing
◉ American Civil War effect on nursing. Answer: several nurses
emerged who were notable for their contributions to a country torn
by internal conflict. Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth (Figures
1.2 and 1.3) provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North
on the Underground Railroad. Mother Biekerdyke and Clara Barton
searched the battlefields and gave care to injured and dying soldiers.
◉ World War 1 effect on nursing. Answer: World War I resulted in
American, British, and French women rushing to volunteer their
nursing services. These nurses endured harsh environments and
treated injuries not seen before. d. Progress in healthcare occurred
during World War I, particularly in the field of surgery. For example,
,advancements were made in the use of anesthetic agents, infection
control, blood typing, and prosthetics.
◉ World War 2 effect on nursing. Answer: casualties created an
acute shortage of caregivers, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was
established in response to a marked shortage of nurses. At that time,
auxiliary healthcare workers became prominent. "Practical" nurses,
aides, and technicians provided much of the actual nursing care
under the instruction and supervision of better prepared nurses.
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: Established sanitary nursing care
units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of
nursing.
◉ Clara Barton. Answer: Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the
American Red Cross
◉ Linda Richards. Answer: Graduated in 1873 from the New
England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts,
as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night
superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice
of keeping records and writing orders
◉ Mary Mahoney. Answer: First professionally trained African
American nurse
, ◉ Lillian Wald. Answer: founded the Henry Street Settlement and
Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing and social services
and organized educational and cultural activities. She is considered
the founder of public health nursing
◉ Lavina Dock (1858-1956). Answer: Participated in protests
movement for women's rights
Fought for nurses rather than MDs to have control of the nursing
profession
◉ Margaret Sanger. Answer: American leader of the movement to
legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor
sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by
unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S.
and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned
Parenthood.
◉ Mary Breckinridge. Answer: Established the Frontier Nursing
Service
◉ Luther Christman. Answer: Registered nurse and a founder of the
American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN). Also founded the
National Student Nurse's Association
NOTES AND STRUCTURED MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ How did wars affect nursing history. Answer: Wars increase the
need for nurses
◉ Crimean War effect on nursing. Answer: public outcry in Great
Britain. The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this
problem is well known. Nightingale and her nurses transformed the
military hospitals by setting up sanitation practices, such as hand
washing
◉ American Civil War effect on nursing. Answer: several nurses
emerged who were notable for their contributions to a country torn
by internal conflict. Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth (Figures
1.2 and 1.3) provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North
on the Underground Railroad. Mother Biekerdyke and Clara Barton
searched the battlefields and gave care to injured and dying soldiers.
◉ World War 1 effect on nursing. Answer: World War I resulted in
American, British, and French women rushing to volunteer their
nursing services. These nurses endured harsh environments and
treated injuries not seen before. d. Progress in healthcare occurred
during World War I, particularly in the field of surgery. For example,
,advancements were made in the use of anesthetic agents, infection
control, blood typing, and prosthetics.
◉ World War 2 effect on nursing. Answer: casualties created an
acute shortage of caregivers, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was
established in response to a marked shortage of nurses. At that time,
auxiliary healthcare workers became prominent. "Practical" nurses,
aides, and technicians provided much of the actual nursing care
under the instruction and supervision of better prepared nurses.
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: Established sanitary nursing care
units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of
nursing.
◉ Clara Barton. Answer: Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the
American Red Cross
◉ Linda Richards. Answer: Graduated in 1873 from the New
England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts,
as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night
superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice
of keeping records and writing orders
◉ Mary Mahoney. Answer: First professionally trained African
American nurse
, ◉ Lillian Wald. Answer: founded the Henry Street Settlement and
Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing and social services
and organized educational and cultural activities. She is considered
the founder of public health nursing
◉ Lavina Dock (1858-1956). Answer: Participated in protests
movement for women's rights
Fought for nurses rather than MDs to have control of the nursing
profession
◉ Margaret Sanger. Answer: American leader of the movement to
legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor
sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by
unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S.
and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned
Parenthood.
◉ Mary Breckinridge. Answer: Established the Frontier Nursing
Service
◉ Luther Christman. Answer: Registered nurse and a founder of the
American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN). Also founded the
National Student Nurse's Association
