PHAR 370 – Midterm | Study Questions and verified
Answers | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Define Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- The study of drugs, what it does to the body
Define Pharmacology - ANSWER- Study of substances that affect or alter living systems
through chemical process
Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- How the body handles the drug, the fate of the drug
once it's in the body (ADME)
What are the 2 types of intended drug responses? - ANSWER- 1. To achieve a beneficial effect
on an individual
2. To exert a selectively toxic effect on an individual
Type of Receptors - ANSWER- 1. Regulatory Receptors - Main target of many drugs
2. Transporters - Proteins that transport endogenous substances across cell membranes
3. Enzymes - Proteins that catalyze a biological reaction
4. Structural Proteins - Proteins that contribute to the cell structure
What are the 5 classifications groups of drugs? - ANSWER- 1. Agonist
2. Partial Agonist
3. Allosteric Activator
4. Competitive Antagonist
5. Non-Competitive Agonists
Define Efficacy - ANSWER- The maximum pharmacological response that can be produced by
a specific drug
Define Potency - ANSWER- The dose or concentration of a drug that's required to produce a
response of certain magnitude
Describe the difference between efficacy and potency - ANSWER- Efficacy is different in that
the amount of drug needed doesn't matter - What matters is the maximum effect the drug can
produce
, - Ex: Morphine has a greater efficacy than Tylenol for pain relief
Define Therapeutic Range - ANSWER- Aim is to give low dose that keeps the blood
concentration of the drug above the minimum concentration that produces desired response,
but below a toxic response
Define Drug Disposition - ANSWER- The process involved in the journey of the drug through
the body
Describe Absorption - ANSWER- Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the
blood
Describe Distribution - ANSWER- The movement of a drug from the blood to the site of
action and other tissues
Describe Metabolism - ANSWER- The conversion of a drug into a different compound, usually
something more water soluble
Describe Excretion - ANSWER- The removal of a drug and its products from the body
What is a weak acid - ANSWER- a drug that is a neutral molecule and can dissociate into a
negatively charged molecule and proton (aspirin is a weak acid)
What is a weak base - ANSWER- A drug that is a neutral molecule that can combine with
protons to form a positively charged molecule (norepinephrine is a weak base)
Describe Distribution of a drug - ANSWER- Drug moves from site of absorption to site of
action
- All sites of distribution drugs exist in 2 forms (free drug and bound to protein)
Describe metabolism (biotransformation) - ANSWER- Conversion of a drug to a different
chemical compound
- Can result in detoxification of a compound or bioactivation
- The liver is the most common site of biotransformation
Describe Excretion - ANSWER- Moving the drug and its metabolites out of the body
- Main route of elimination is through the kidneys
What are the 3 processes of renal excretion - ANSWER- 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Passive Tubular Reabsorption
Answers | A+ Graded | 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Define Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- The study of drugs, what it does to the body
Define Pharmacology - ANSWER- Study of substances that affect or alter living systems
through chemical process
Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- How the body handles the drug, the fate of the drug
once it's in the body (ADME)
What are the 2 types of intended drug responses? - ANSWER- 1. To achieve a beneficial effect
on an individual
2. To exert a selectively toxic effect on an individual
Type of Receptors - ANSWER- 1. Regulatory Receptors - Main target of many drugs
2. Transporters - Proteins that transport endogenous substances across cell membranes
3. Enzymes - Proteins that catalyze a biological reaction
4. Structural Proteins - Proteins that contribute to the cell structure
What are the 5 classifications groups of drugs? - ANSWER- 1. Agonist
2. Partial Agonist
3. Allosteric Activator
4. Competitive Antagonist
5. Non-Competitive Agonists
Define Efficacy - ANSWER- The maximum pharmacological response that can be produced by
a specific drug
Define Potency - ANSWER- The dose or concentration of a drug that's required to produce a
response of certain magnitude
Describe the difference between efficacy and potency - ANSWER- Efficacy is different in that
the amount of drug needed doesn't matter - What matters is the maximum effect the drug can
produce
, - Ex: Morphine has a greater efficacy than Tylenol for pain relief
Define Therapeutic Range - ANSWER- Aim is to give low dose that keeps the blood
concentration of the drug above the minimum concentration that produces desired response,
but below a toxic response
Define Drug Disposition - ANSWER- The process involved in the journey of the drug through
the body
Describe Absorption - ANSWER- Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the
blood
Describe Distribution - ANSWER- The movement of a drug from the blood to the site of
action and other tissues
Describe Metabolism - ANSWER- The conversion of a drug into a different compound, usually
something more water soluble
Describe Excretion - ANSWER- The removal of a drug and its products from the body
What is a weak acid - ANSWER- a drug that is a neutral molecule and can dissociate into a
negatively charged molecule and proton (aspirin is a weak acid)
What is a weak base - ANSWER- A drug that is a neutral molecule that can combine with
protons to form a positively charged molecule (norepinephrine is a weak base)
Describe Distribution of a drug - ANSWER- Drug moves from site of absorption to site of
action
- All sites of distribution drugs exist in 2 forms (free drug and bound to protein)
Describe metabolism (biotransformation) - ANSWER- Conversion of a drug to a different
chemical compound
- Can result in detoxification of a compound or bioactivation
- The liver is the most common site of biotransformation
Describe Excretion - ANSWER- Moving the drug and its metabolites out of the body
- Main route of elimination is through the kidneys
What are the 3 processes of renal excretion - ANSWER- 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Passive Tubular Reabsorption
