Solutions Manual For Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach 4th Edition By Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig (1)

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
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Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
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by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28
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,Artificial Intelligence
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mmmm 1 Introduction ...
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mmmm 2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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mmmm 3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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mmmm 4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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mmmm 5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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mmmm 6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
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mmmm 7 Logical Agents ...
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mmmm 8 First-Order Logic ...
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mmmm 9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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mmmm 10 Knowledge Representation ...
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mmmm 11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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mmmm 12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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mmmm 13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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mmmm 14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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mmmm 15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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mmmm 16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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mmmm 17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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mmmm 18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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, 19 Learning from Examples ...
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20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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21 Deep Learning ...
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22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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23 Natural Language Processing ...
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24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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25 Computer Vision ...
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26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES m m

1
INTRODUCTION
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nmbemfoundmrathermthanmwritingmthemmout—themfullmanswersmwouldmbemfarmtoomlong.

1.1 What Is AI?
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Exercise 1.1.#DEFA
Define in your own words: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent, (d) ra-
tionality, (e) logical reasoning.


a. Dictionarymdefinitionsmofmintelligencemtalkmaboutm“themcapacitymtomacquiremandmapply
mknowledge”morm“themfacultymofmthoughtmandmreason”morm“themabilitymtomcomprehendm

andmprofitmfrommexperience.”m Thesemaremallmreasonablemanswers,mbutmifmwemwantmsom
ethingmquantifiablemwemwouldmusemsomethingmlikem“themabilitymtomactmsuccessfullymacr
ossmamwidemrangemofmobjectivesminmcomplexmenvironments.”
b. Wemdefinemartificialmintelligencemasmthemstudymandmconstructionmofmagentmprogramsmt
hatmperformmwellminmamgivenmclassmofmenvironments,mformamgivenmagentmarchitecture;mt
heymdomthemrightmthing.m Anmimportantmpartmofmthatmismdealingmwithmthemuncertaintymof
mwhatmthemcurrentmstatemis,mwhatmthemoutcomemofmpossiblemactionsmmightmbe,mandmwha

tmismitmthatmwemreallymdesire.
c. Wemdefinemanmagentmasmanmentitymthatmtakesmactionminmresponsemtomperceptsmfrommanme
nvi-mronment.
d. Wemdefinemrationalitymasmthempropertymofmamsystemmwhichmdoesmthem“rightmthing”mgiv
enmwhatmitmknows.m SeemSectionm2.2mformammoremcompletemdiscussion.m Thembasicmcon
ceptmismperfectmrationality;mSectionm??mdescribesmthemimpossibilitymofmachievingmperfec
tmrational-mitymandmproposesmanmalternativemdefinition.
e. Wemdefinemlogicalmreasoningmasmthemamprocessmofmderivingmnewmsentencesmfrommold,ms
uchmthatmthemnewmsentencesmaremnecessarilymtruemifmthemoldmonesmaremtrue.m(Noticemthatm
doesmnotmrefermtomanymspecificmsyntaxmormformalmlanguage,mbutmitmdoesmrequiremamwell-
definedmnotionmofmtruth.)


Exercise 1.1.#TURI
Read Turing’s original paper on AI (Turing, 1950). In the paper, he discusses several
objections to his proposed enterprise and his test for intelligence. Which objections still carry


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