PHAR 370 FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL STUDY QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | 2026
UPDATES | 100% CORRECT
cholinergic drugs - ANSWER- stimulate PNS
less common, AE
muscarinic receptor agonist - ANSWER- stimulate PNS
glaucoma (pilocarpine)
asthma diagnosis (methaxholine)
poor bladder muscle tone
anti-cholinergic drugs - ANSWER- more common, still AE
decrease PNS
Muscarinic receptor blockers - ANSWER- decrease PNS
more common
eye exam (atropine)
COPD
regenerating AChE after sarin poisoning (pralidoxime)
urinary disorders
GI stuff
Ganglion blocking drugs - ANSWER- less common clinically, lots of AEs
decrease PNS
hexamethonium
epinephrine - ANSWER- - adrenergic agonist
- stimulates sympathetic
- complete heart block, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
,Alpha-1 agonists - ANSWER- adrenergic agonist
stimulates sympathetic
nasal congestion
retinal exam
beta-2 selective drugs - ANSWER- adrenergic agonist
stimulates sympathetic
asthma/COPD
anti-adrenergic drugs - ANSWER- most widely prescribed autonomic drug
pre-op for pheochromocytoma
beta-1 receptor antagonists - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
glaucoma, angina, congestive heart failure
alpha-1 receptor antagonists - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
benign prostatic hyperplasia
non-selective beta blockers - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
glaucoma, anxiety, parkinson's, migraines, alcohol withdrawal
central stimulants - ANSWER- amphetamine
central depressents - ANSWER- benzodiazepines
general anesthesia - ANSWER- hypnosis, amnesia. analgesia, areflexia, relaxation
facilitation of GABA inhibition, antagonism of glutamic acid excitation of NMDA
general anesthesia (IV) - ANSWER- propofol (most common)
ketamine
waken after bolus
, general anesthesia (inhaled) - ANSWER- nitrous oxide
volatile anesthetics
Neuromuscular blocking drugs - ANSWER- surgery, endotracheal intubation, control of
ventilation
non-polarizing blocking agents - ANSWER- more common
function like competitive antagonists
tubocurarine
depolarizing blocking agents - ANSWER- function like agonists
succinylcholine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs - ANSWER- overcome non-polarizing blocking agents
resistant to depolarizing blocing agents
local anesthesia - ANSWER- becomes ionized in cell and blocks voltage-gated Na+ channel to
inhibit nerve transmission
topical local anesthesia - ANSWER- lidocaine
forms of local anesthesia - ANSWER- topical
local infiltration
spinal
epidural
Drugs that treat Parkinson's - ANSWER- selective MAO-B inhibitors, catechol-o-
methyltransferase inhibitors, dopamine receptor agonists, levodopa/carbidopa
selective MAO-B inhibitors - ANSWER- MAO-B irresponsible for most D metabolism in
striatum
inhibit breakdown of D to DOPAC
modest improvements
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) - ANSWER- block peripheral COMT (COMT breaks
down D)
can reduce peripheral metabolism of levodopa
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | 2026
UPDATES | 100% CORRECT
cholinergic drugs - ANSWER- stimulate PNS
less common, AE
muscarinic receptor agonist - ANSWER- stimulate PNS
glaucoma (pilocarpine)
asthma diagnosis (methaxholine)
poor bladder muscle tone
anti-cholinergic drugs - ANSWER- more common, still AE
decrease PNS
Muscarinic receptor blockers - ANSWER- decrease PNS
more common
eye exam (atropine)
COPD
regenerating AChE after sarin poisoning (pralidoxime)
urinary disorders
GI stuff
Ganglion blocking drugs - ANSWER- less common clinically, lots of AEs
decrease PNS
hexamethonium
epinephrine - ANSWER- - adrenergic agonist
- stimulates sympathetic
- complete heart block, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
,Alpha-1 agonists - ANSWER- adrenergic agonist
stimulates sympathetic
nasal congestion
retinal exam
beta-2 selective drugs - ANSWER- adrenergic agonist
stimulates sympathetic
asthma/COPD
anti-adrenergic drugs - ANSWER- most widely prescribed autonomic drug
pre-op for pheochromocytoma
beta-1 receptor antagonists - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
glaucoma, angina, congestive heart failure
alpha-1 receptor antagonists - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
benign prostatic hyperplasia
non-selective beta blockers - ANSWER- adrenergic antagonist
inhibits sympathetic activity
glaucoma, anxiety, parkinson's, migraines, alcohol withdrawal
central stimulants - ANSWER- amphetamine
central depressents - ANSWER- benzodiazepines
general anesthesia - ANSWER- hypnosis, amnesia. analgesia, areflexia, relaxation
facilitation of GABA inhibition, antagonism of glutamic acid excitation of NMDA
general anesthesia (IV) - ANSWER- propofol (most common)
ketamine
waken after bolus
, general anesthesia (inhaled) - ANSWER- nitrous oxide
volatile anesthetics
Neuromuscular blocking drugs - ANSWER- surgery, endotracheal intubation, control of
ventilation
non-polarizing blocking agents - ANSWER- more common
function like competitive antagonists
tubocurarine
depolarizing blocking agents - ANSWER- function like agonists
succinylcholine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs - ANSWER- overcome non-polarizing blocking agents
resistant to depolarizing blocing agents
local anesthesia - ANSWER- becomes ionized in cell and blocks voltage-gated Na+ channel to
inhibit nerve transmission
topical local anesthesia - ANSWER- lidocaine
forms of local anesthesia - ANSWER- topical
local infiltration
spinal
epidural
Drugs that treat Parkinson's - ANSWER- selective MAO-B inhibitors, catechol-o-
methyltransferase inhibitors, dopamine receptor agonists, levodopa/carbidopa
selective MAO-B inhibitors - ANSWER- MAO-B irresponsible for most D metabolism in
striatum
inhibit breakdown of D to DOPAC
modest improvements
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) - ANSWER- block peripheral COMT (COMT breaks
down D)
can reduce peripheral metabolism of levodopa
