MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Newest
Version (2026) Actual Questions and Answers
100% Correct (A+)
• MI -✓✓Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood
flow
• What causes cell death in MI? -✓✓unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood
flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
• What consequence of cell death leads to CP? -✓✓hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
• How is MI diagnosed -✓✓EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
• What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -✓✓elevated CK MB,
Troponin
• Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -✓✓Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from
damaged heart muscle
• 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -✓✓ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
• define reperfussion injury -✓✓injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
• how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -✓✓as oxygen
is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
• how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -✓✓RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, • what is primary Hypertension? -✓✓Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without
an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
• what is secondary hypertension? -✓✓Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
• what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -✓✓persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
• what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -✓✓stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
• what is preload? -✓✓volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
• what is afterload? -✓✓peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must
pump
• hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -✓✓overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
• identify pathological process of gangrene? -✓✓form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
• three types of gangrene -✓✓dry, wet & gas
• what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -✓✓removing affective tissue
to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
• why use antibiotic for gangrene? -✓✓to slow bacterial damage
• What are the two major necrotic processes? -✓✓Coagulative and liquifactive
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow l/t
desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
• what is liquifactive necrosis? -✓✓Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic
cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
Version (2026) Actual Questions and Answers
100% Correct (A+)
• MI -✓✓Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood
flow
• What causes cell death in MI? -✓✓unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood
flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
• What consequence of cell death leads to CP? -✓✓hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
• How is MI diagnosed -✓✓EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
• What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -✓✓elevated CK MB,
Troponin
• Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -✓✓Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from
damaged heart muscle
• 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -✓✓ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
• define reperfussion injury -✓✓injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
• how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -✓✓as oxygen
is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
• how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -✓✓RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, • what is primary Hypertension? -✓✓Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without
an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
• what is secondary hypertension? -✓✓Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
• what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -✓✓persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
• what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -✓✓stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
• what is preload? -✓✓volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
• what is afterload? -✓✓peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must
pump
• hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -✓✓overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
• identify pathological process of gangrene? -✓✓form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
• three types of gangrene -✓✓dry, wet & gas
• what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -✓✓removing affective tissue
to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
• why use antibiotic for gangrene? -✓✓to slow bacterial damage
• What are the two major necrotic processes? -✓✓Coagulative and liquifactive
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow l/t
desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
• what is liquifactive necrosis? -✓✓Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic
cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
