NSG 510 EXAM Prep Questions And Answers Solution Guaranteed

5-10K ~15K - Correct Answers WBC count should be they have enough volume in their vessels maintain a normal presure inside those vessels -so they maintain a normal blood pressure - normal blood pressure 90/60 to 120/60 - Correct Answers normalvolemia 70ml the mount of blood pumped out of the ventricle per beat - Correct Answers Normal stroke volume what is stroke volume too little ECS to maintain blood pressure can because by a loss of blood such as hemorraging, vomiting or diaariahea essential any loff of fluids - Correct Answershypovolemia we increase the resistance and that raises the blood pressure - Correct AnswersWhen a vessel is constricted what happens to the resistance and blood pressure blood cells get smaller and you decrease your blood resistance so there for blood pressure decreases - Correct Answersduring vasodialation 5-10K ~15 - Correct AnswersAmount of WBC in blood having good blood flow to organs and muscles -without good perfusion (flow to muscles) you will have exercise intolerance - Correct AnswersGood perfusion Urine analysis - Correct AnswersHow do we know if the kidneys are working Adult .5ml per kg if everyone weighs 60kg so 30ml per hour neonates and infants - 1-2ml per kg per hour - Correct Answersamount of normal urine lowest adult blood pressure 90/60 - Correct Answershypotensive blood pressure for adult fast heart rate 100 BPM - Correct AnswersTachycardia when you decrease someones blood pressure by vasodialting when they normally had high blood pressure (150/100) that person will experience bad symptoms when we lower their blood pressure - Correct Answersrelative hypertension related to the diameter of blood vessels -increase resistance and increase blood pressure -decrease resistance and decrease blood pressure - Correct Answersperipheral resistance 60-100 BPM - Correct AnswersNormal HR 35-45 ~40 - Correct AnswersHCT level in the blood lightheaded dizzy unconscious - Correct AnswersIf you have poor brain perfusion -Kidneys reabsorb their filtrate to help restore blood volume a -decreased blood volume -increases blood concentration - Correct AnswersWhen kidneys sense low blood pressure like in a hypovolemic person -if fontanelle in ababy is depressed they may have low volume - Correct AnswersHow do you know id a baby is hypovolemic measure diaper before and after then use formula to convert findings to pounds - Correct AnswersHow do you determine how much volume a baby put out? -causes congestion in the organs -in a normal person the volume of blood would increase, pulse would be strong, kidneys would produce urine, weight would go up a bit - Correct Answershypervolemia when the left ventricle does not pump a sufficient volume of fluid -kidneys not working -poor gas exchange -fluid in the alveoli beceause of congestion -then fluid can build up in jugular vein -can determine that this person is hypovolemic -kidneys will detect the hypocolemis and reabsorb fluid causing even more fluid to build up and worsesning the problem - Correct Answersheart failure not enough blood perfusing through coronary artery and muscles loose blood - Correct Answersheart attack -blood becomes congested in the heart -gas exchange slows in the lungs and aveloi -can affect venous side of circulation -can cause the jugular veign to become congested - Correct AnswersWhen left ventricle has low stoke volume test pitting in the skin - Correct Answershow do we test for edema sensible you can measure ( blood, urine, ) insensible you can measure ( sweat (hyper hydrosis like during excersice or when you have a fever) -insensible losses can be significant - Correct Answerssensible vs insensible losses vascular, interstitial, intracellular - Correct Answers3 compartments fluids move betwen a pressure gradient - two pressure forces to keep in mind Ph- hydrostatic pressure-the pressure that the volume exertso the membrane that seperates the two compatments Pco-pressure colloidal osmotic- pulling forces and holding fluids - Correct Answersfiltration a concentration gradient - Correct Answersosmosis filtration - Correct Answers2 proceeses for fluid movement albumin 3.5-5 - Correct Answerscolloid in the body is.. 28 ml pushes the fluid out of the vascular compartment -its the difference of the courses of the compartments 25- (-3)=28- the force that favors the movmeent of fluid into the interstitual compartment from the vascular compartment - Correct Answersforce causes by albumin albumin holds fluid in a compartment -it is the opposite electrostatic (pushing pressure) - Correct Answerscolloidal osmotic pressure Under a normal state the vascular system 0the net filtration forces are in favor of fluid moving from the intravascular to the intersention because our hydro static pressure is more than the holding pressure of the collodial osmostic -but we dont balllon because the lymphatic system absorbed the extra fluid that accumulated and cycles it back to the vascular system - Correct AnswersDescribe the movmenet of fluid into the interstitial compartment? Why does it move? -if a person is severely starved or if patients ave diseases of the liver - their liver dosent not function and does not synthesize albumin and decreases albumin in the blood which promotes the fluid moving to the interstitial compartment in increasing edema -edema is formed in the interstitial compartment - Correct AnswersWhat causes a decrease in albumin, and what will happen with the decrease an inflammatory response the leaks albumin into an area - Correct AnswersWhat is a capillary leak because the lympnoids are also removed and they are a vascular drain so they may experience edema and swelling from the buildup of fluid - Correct Answerswhen a patient has a mastecom why do the expereince edema measurements of osmosis -290 inthe blood 2x the sodium plus a glucose divided by 18 plus a BUN divided by __ - Correct Answersosmolarity soduium - Correct Answerswhat is the key element that concentrates blood water movement from areas of low concentration to high concentration from the vascular compartment to the interstitial compartment - Correct Answersosmosis the osmolarity and concentrations are equivalent - Correct AnswersWhy is there no movement of water across compartments water moves into the IS compartment and then into the extracellular compartment - Correct AnswersWhat happened when you dilute the vascular compartment -always added to the intravasular compartment Na+CL standard IV .45 .9 3% - Correct AnswersIv Fluids 292 - Correct AnswersNormal osmolarity -further dilutes the blood because it dosent have the same osmolarty - Correct Answersadding .45 IV to the blood -just adds volume -wont see a movement of water because .9% of concentration is the same as the blood - Correct Answersadding .9 Na+CL IV to the blood - more concentrated than the blood, water will move into vascular hormone - will move water out of the cells and cells will shrink - Correct Answersadding 3% Na+Cl IV to the blood anti diuretic hormone -tells the kidneys to hold on to/ reabsorb water -This will dilute the vascular compartment Na+ will go down and cell will swell - Correct AnswersADH -the patient cant make ADH -kidneys excrete water and concentrates the vascular compartments -causing water to move out of the cell and the cell shrinks - Correct Answersdiabetes encephalitis 0.45%- hypotonic solution- 140 osmoloarity- if asdded to vascular space its dilutes 0.09%- 280 osmolarity (same concentration of vascular component) so no movement of water , simply adding volume and would increase hydprostatic pressure .3%- osmolarity of 840 - will concentrate the vaculare coment and water will move from the cell nto the vascular compenet - Correct Answers3 IV solutions 135-145 mili osmoles per leter hypernatremic 145 hyponatemis 135 - Correct AnswersSodium values -measures concentration in your brain and drives you to be thirsty when concentration is high - Correct Answersosmorecepotrs - Correct Answershypernatremia sodium, chloride and potassium - Correct Answers3 electrolytes -70 mV (milivolts) - Correct AnswersWhen a cell is at rests it is at movements of ions in or out of the cell to create depolariation (sodium rushes into the cell) -when threshhold is it fires off and returns into a resting states - Correct Answersaction potention -tied to the resting mebrane potention (-70mV) hyperkalemia (potassium 5) - pumps upthe resting membrane potential if a cell rests closer to threshold it is more likley to fire off - Correct Answerspotassium -eating alot of bananas -if fluid leaves the cell and causes K to enter vascular space and cases hyperkalemia -if kidneys can excrete potassium -increases resting membrane threshold and causes firing off of twitching of skeletal muscles - with smooth or cardiac musclesif resting membrane potential of heart becomes above the threshold the heart will stop beating - Correct Answershyperkalemia drops resting member potention lower -muscles feel weak -cells are hyper polarized (more negative) -heart becomes highly irregular and can develp into a cardiac arrhythmia - Correct Answershypokalemia -calcium affects the threshold -10ml per deciliter -if calcium levels in blood go down, they proid releases parathypoid hormone and will tell the bone to releiase calcium into the blood -if calcium is high calcitonin tells bone to absorb calcium -calcium is inversely related to phosphorus, i if phosphorus is increased (during renal failure) is can cause bone issues because the blood calcium decreases - Correct AnswersCalcium work with calcium to provide muscle contactions - Correct Answersactin and myosin increased action potention threshold -action potention less likley to fire - Correct Answershypercalcimia -tingling sensation -lowered threshold -most lilely to fire - Correct Answershypocalciumia tests that evaluate symptoms of hypocalciumia - Correct AnswersChvosteks and trousseasus potassium 3.5-5 calcium 8-10mg (calcium, parathypoid and calcitonin) *** know this feedback look - Correct Answerspotassium amounts in body 7.35-7.45 (midline 7.40) - Correct AnswersPh in blood - a base 22-26mEq/L too much makes person basic too little makes person acid - Correct AnswersBicarbonate you become more acidic because of the CO2 build up since you arene breathing out the cos -increase in volatile gases - Correct AnswersWhat do you accumulate when youdont ventalate enough? Ph is compensated PaCo2- is elevated so we know that there is a respiratory acidosis - Correct AnswersPh. 7.35 PaCo2-60 HCO3-33 A metabolic process that breaks down glucose and creates energy -initially takes place in the cytosol, with its late stages ending at the electron transport chain in the mitochondria - Correct AnswersGlycolysis Under anaerobic conditions glycolosis continues t