PN HESI LPN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM HESI PN LPN
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM ALL REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION LATEST 2026
GUARANTEED A+ v2
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which
action by the nurse best ensures client safety? A. Securely grasp the
client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly.
B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed
rails should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not
fall out of bed. Option A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options
C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but have less priority in
terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with
partialthickness (second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree)
burns. What intervention has the highest priority in decreasing the
client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns
B
,Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective
intervention for the prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A
reverses the hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not
related to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms. Options C and
D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to reduce
the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among
clients served by a community health clinic for the homeless. Which
laboratory value is the most reliable indicator of chronic protein
malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level
A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly
lowered serum albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when
adequate amounts of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available.
Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not significantly
alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to
10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D
are not clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the
operative permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more
questions about the surgical procedure. Which action should the
nurse take next?
,A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the
client has questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions
before the anesthesia is administered.
C
Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is
not signed. It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the
client and obtain the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse
can witness an operative permit, the procedure must first be explained by
the health care provider or surgeon, including answering the client's
questions. The client's questions should be addressed before the permit is
signed.
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor
in a client's history poses the greatest threat for complications to
occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months
B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can
pose a threat for the development of surgical complications. The health
care provider should be informed that the client is taking these drugs.
Although clients who take birth control pills may be more susceptible to the
, development of thrombi, such problems usually occur postoperatively. A
client with option C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is
best for the nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head
of the bed and assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the
client's knees, stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward,
underneath the axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the
nurse's neck, and gently move the client to the chair.
B
Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and
affords the nurse a wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees
when assisting to a standing position. The chair should be placed at a
45degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair toward the head of
the bed. Clients should never be lifted under the axillae; this could damage
nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed to use
the arms of the chair and should never place his or her arms around the
nurse's neck; this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back and
increases the risk for a fall.
Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to
an adult client? (Select all that apply.) A. Place the client in a side-
lying position.
B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM ALL REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION LATEST 2026
GUARANTEED A+ v2
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which
action by the nurse best ensures client safety? A. Securely grasp the
client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly.
B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed
rails should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not
fall out of bed. Option A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options
C and D are useful techniques while turning a client but have less priority in
terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with
partialthickness (second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree)
burns. What intervention has the highest priority in decreasing the
client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns
B
,Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective
intervention for the prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A
reverses the hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not
related to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms. Options C and
D are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to reduce
the chance of infection. Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among
clients served by a community health clinic for the homeless. Which
laboratory value is the most reliable indicator of chronic protein
malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level
A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly
lowered serum albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when
adequate amounts of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available.
Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not significantly
alter serum levels. Option B is a serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to
10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D
are not clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the
operative permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more
questions about the surgical procedure. Which action should the
nurse take next?
,A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the
client has questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions
before the anesthesia is administered.
C
Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is
not signed. It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the
client and obtain the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse
can witness an operative permit, the procedure must first be explained by
the health care provider or surgeon, including answering the client's
questions. The client's questions should be addressed before the permit is
signed.
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor
in a client's history poses the greatest threat for complications to
occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months
B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can
pose a threat for the development of surgical complications. The health
care provider should be informed that the client is taking these drugs.
Although clients who take birth control pills may be more susceptible to the
, development of thrombi, such problems usually occur postoperatively. A
client with option C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is
best for the nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head
of the bed and assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the
client's knees, stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward,
underneath the axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the
nurse's neck, and gently move the client to the chair.
B
Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and
affords the nurse a wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees
when assisting to a standing position. The chair should be placed at a
45degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair toward the head of
the bed. Clients should never be lifted under the axillae; this could damage
nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed to use
the arms of the chair and should never place his or her arms around the
nurse's neck; this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back and
increases the risk for a fall.
Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to
an adult client? (Select all that apply.) A. Place the client in a side-
lying position.
B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
