NSG 3280 EXAM 1 2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST |BRAND NEW VERSION!!|
|JUST RELEASED
This hormone:
- increases during stress to enhance immune function.
- A.K.A. Somatotropin
Growth hormone
This hormone:
- Similar to the structure of growth hormone
- Has a role in the immune response
Prolactin
This hormone:
- Produces during childbirth/lactation
- Associated with bonding and social attachment
- Thought to moderate stress response and produce a calming effect
Oxytocin
- A shield around the cell
- Transports nutrients/waste
- Generates membrane potentials - communication & regulation
1|Page
,Plasma membrane
- Highly impermeable to most molecules
-3 types of membrane: cholesterol, phospholipid, and glycolipid
Lipid Bilayer
- Maintains cell shape
- Allows cell movement
- Directs trafficking of substances within the cell
Cytoskeleton
- Largest cytoplasmic organelle
- Contains genetic information (DNA) of cell
- An extended part of the nucleus is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
- Stack of smooth membrane-bound components (cisternae)
- Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and will sort them and package them
into vesicles to go to their appropriate destination (lysosome, plasma membrane, or
secretion out of the cell).
Golgi Apparatus
- Membrane-bound bags of digestive enzymes -> breakdown the proteins to reuse
Lysosomes
- Membrane-bound bags of enzymes that perform degradative functions - metabolize and
detoxify fatty acids (hydrogen peroxide is toxic substance to cell but breakdown into
H20/O2)
Peroxisomes
- Convert energy to forms that can be used to drive cellular reactions (BREAKING DOWN
SUGAR FOR ENERGY)
2|Page
,- Powerhouses of the cell
- Has a role in programmed cell death: apoptosis
Mitochondria
The process of your cells breaking down macromolecules (glucose) to produce ATP
(energy).
- Glycolysis
- The Krebs Cycle (citric acid)
- The electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
Cellular respiration
- The cell's energy currency
- Cannot cross the plasma membrane
- Continuously being synthesized
- Made in the mitochondria
ATP
____________ stores (primarily in the liver and muscle) happen after a meal with excess
glucose that is enough to supply 1 day of energy needs.
Glycogen
During starvation, the body uses proteins for energy; also known as .......
Gluconeogenesis
2 types of respiration that depend on oxygen .....
Aerobic and Anaerobic
This type of respiration:
- Requires oxygen
- Occurs in mitochondria
3|Page
, - Uses a lot of ATP
- Utilizes the Krebs cycle & electron transport chain
Aerobic
This type of respiration:
- No oxygen
- Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Few ATP needed
- Utilizes glycolysis and fermentation
Anaerobic
4 steps of cellular respiration .....
Glycolysis, conversion, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
The breakdown of glucose to produce energy inside the cell; breakdown will consist of 2
pyruvate, 2 ATP & 2 NADH.
Glycolysis
Happens in the mitochondria (aerobic) right after glycolysis and conversion sing the 2
oxygenated pyruvate from glycolysis.
Krebs cycle/ electron transport chain
Conversion from glycolysis to Krebs cycle results in .....
2 NADH
Cellular ingestion of extracellular molecules:
Endocytosis
Two types of endocytosis include:
Pinocytosis & Phagocytosis
4|Page
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST |BRAND NEW VERSION!!|
|JUST RELEASED
This hormone:
- increases during stress to enhance immune function.
- A.K.A. Somatotropin
Growth hormone
This hormone:
- Similar to the structure of growth hormone
- Has a role in the immune response
Prolactin
This hormone:
- Produces during childbirth/lactation
- Associated with bonding and social attachment
- Thought to moderate stress response and produce a calming effect
Oxytocin
- A shield around the cell
- Transports nutrients/waste
- Generates membrane potentials - communication & regulation
1|Page
,Plasma membrane
- Highly impermeable to most molecules
-3 types of membrane: cholesterol, phospholipid, and glycolipid
Lipid Bilayer
- Maintains cell shape
- Allows cell movement
- Directs trafficking of substances within the cell
Cytoskeleton
- Largest cytoplasmic organelle
- Contains genetic information (DNA) of cell
- An extended part of the nucleus is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
- Stack of smooth membrane-bound components (cisternae)
- Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and will sort them and package them
into vesicles to go to their appropriate destination (lysosome, plasma membrane, or
secretion out of the cell).
Golgi Apparatus
- Membrane-bound bags of digestive enzymes -> breakdown the proteins to reuse
Lysosomes
- Membrane-bound bags of enzymes that perform degradative functions - metabolize and
detoxify fatty acids (hydrogen peroxide is toxic substance to cell but breakdown into
H20/O2)
Peroxisomes
- Convert energy to forms that can be used to drive cellular reactions (BREAKING DOWN
SUGAR FOR ENERGY)
2|Page
,- Powerhouses of the cell
- Has a role in programmed cell death: apoptosis
Mitochondria
The process of your cells breaking down macromolecules (glucose) to produce ATP
(energy).
- Glycolysis
- The Krebs Cycle (citric acid)
- The electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
Cellular respiration
- The cell's energy currency
- Cannot cross the plasma membrane
- Continuously being synthesized
- Made in the mitochondria
ATP
____________ stores (primarily in the liver and muscle) happen after a meal with excess
glucose that is enough to supply 1 day of energy needs.
Glycogen
During starvation, the body uses proteins for energy; also known as .......
Gluconeogenesis
2 types of respiration that depend on oxygen .....
Aerobic and Anaerobic
This type of respiration:
- Requires oxygen
- Occurs in mitochondria
3|Page
, - Uses a lot of ATP
- Utilizes the Krebs cycle & electron transport chain
Aerobic
This type of respiration:
- No oxygen
- Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Few ATP needed
- Utilizes glycolysis and fermentation
Anaerobic
4 steps of cellular respiration .....
Glycolysis, conversion, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
The breakdown of glucose to produce energy inside the cell; breakdown will consist of 2
pyruvate, 2 ATP & 2 NADH.
Glycolysis
Happens in the mitochondria (aerobic) right after glycolysis and conversion sing the 2
oxygenated pyruvate from glycolysis.
Krebs cycle/ electron transport chain
Conversion from glycolysis to Krebs cycle results in .....
2 NADH
Cellular ingestion of extracellular molecules:
Endocytosis
Two types of endocytosis include:
Pinocytosis & Phagocytosis
4|Page
