Immunology Exam 1 - PCB3233 (UCF) 2026 – UCF
1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of innate immunity?
A. It provides an immediate response to infection
B. It takes several days to become fully functional
C. It is highly specific for individual pathogens
D. It generates immunological memory
Answer: A
Rationale: Innate immunity is the first line of defense and acts immediately or within
hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body, unlike adaptive immunity which takes longer
to develop.
2. Where does the maturation of T lymphocytes primarily occur?
A. Bone Marrow
B. Spleen
C. Thymus
D. Lymph Nodes
Answer: C
Rationale: While T cells originate in the bone marrow, they migrate to the thymus to
undergo maturation and selection.
,3. Which cell type is most abundant among white blood cells in a healthy
human?
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Lymphocytes
D. Neutrophils
Answer: D
Rationale: Neutrophils typically make up 50-70% of the total white blood cell count in the
blood.
4. What is the primary function of Dendritic Cells in the immune system?
A. Production of antibodies
B. Direct killing of virus-infected cells
C. Release of histamine during allergies
D. Antigen presentation to T cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge the
gap between innate and adaptive immunity by activating T cells.
5. Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?
A. Spleen
B. Tonsils
C. Bone Marrow
D. Peyer’s patches
Answer: C
Rationale: Primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes are produced and mature,
which includes the bone marrow and thymus.
, 6. Which molecule on the surface of cells is recognized by the immune system as
‘self’?
A. MHC Class I
B. PAMPs
C. PRRs
D. Antigens
Answer: A
Rationale: MHC Class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells and help the immune
system distinguish self-cells from foreign or infected cells.
7. Which of the following is a classic sign of inflammation?
A. Pallor (Paleness)
B. Hypothermia
C. Numbness
D. Edema (Swelling)
Answer: D
Rationale: The four cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor
(swelling/edema), and dolor (pain).
8. What is the role of Macrophages in the immune response?
A. Killing of parasites via IgE
B. Production of IgM antibodies
C. Neutralization of toxins in the blood
D. Phagocytosis and cytokine production
Answer: D
Rationale: Macrophages are phagocytes that engulf debris and pathogens and release
cytokines to orchestrate the immune response.
1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of innate immunity?
A. It provides an immediate response to infection
B. It takes several days to become fully functional
C. It is highly specific for individual pathogens
D. It generates immunological memory
Answer: A
Rationale: Innate immunity is the first line of defense and acts immediately or within
hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body, unlike adaptive immunity which takes longer
to develop.
2. Where does the maturation of T lymphocytes primarily occur?
A. Bone Marrow
B. Spleen
C. Thymus
D. Lymph Nodes
Answer: C
Rationale: While T cells originate in the bone marrow, they migrate to the thymus to
undergo maturation and selection.
,3. Which cell type is most abundant among white blood cells in a healthy
human?
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Lymphocytes
D. Neutrophils
Answer: D
Rationale: Neutrophils typically make up 50-70% of the total white blood cell count in the
blood.
4. What is the primary function of Dendritic Cells in the immune system?
A. Production of antibodies
B. Direct killing of virus-infected cells
C. Release of histamine during allergies
D. Antigen presentation to T cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge the
gap between innate and adaptive immunity by activating T cells.
5. Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?
A. Spleen
B. Tonsils
C. Bone Marrow
D. Peyer’s patches
Answer: C
Rationale: Primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes are produced and mature,
which includes the bone marrow and thymus.
, 6. Which molecule on the surface of cells is recognized by the immune system as
‘self’?
A. MHC Class I
B. PAMPs
C. PRRs
D. Antigens
Answer: A
Rationale: MHC Class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells and help the immune
system distinguish self-cells from foreign or infected cells.
7. Which of the following is a classic sign of inflammation?
A. Pallor (Paleness)
B. Hypothermia
C. Numbness
D. Edema (Swelling)
Answer: D
Rationale: The four cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor
(swelling/edema), and dolor (pain).
8. What is the role of Macrophages in the immune response?
A. Killing of parasites via IgE
B. Production of IgM antibodies
C. Neutralization of toxins in the blood
D. Phagocytosis and cytokine production
Answer: D
Rationale: Macrophages are phagocytes that engulf debris and pathogens and release
cytokines to orchestrate the immune response.
