NSG 3850 Pathophysiology for
Nurses II - Exam 3 Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales
2026/2027 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which condition is most commonly associated with left-sided
heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: C. Pulmonary edema
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the
lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion and edema.
2. The primary cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus is:
A. Insulin resistance
B. Obesity
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Decreased glucagon production
,Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Elevated potassium disrupts cardiac conduction and can
cause life-threatening arrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
typically exhibits:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer: B. Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: CO₂ retention in COPD leads to respiratory acidosis.
5. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood
glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Oxytocin
D. Aldosterone
,Answer: B. Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown and
gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose.
6. The hallmark symptom of Addison disease is:
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Polyuria
Answer: C. Hypotension
Rationale: Cortisol and aldosterone deficiency leads to sodium loss
and low blood pressure.
7. Which structure is primarily damaged in glomerulonephritis?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Renal pelvis
C. Glomerulus
D. Ureter
Answer: C. Glomerulus
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the
glomeruli.
8. A common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Graves disease
C. Thyroid cancer
D. Iodine deficiency
, Answer: B. Graves disease
Rationale: Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder causing thyroid
overstimulation.
9. Which lab value is most indicative of kidney failure?
A. Low hemoglobin
B. Elevated creatinine
C. Low glucose
D. Elevated bilirubin
Answer: B. Elevated creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine accumulates when kidneys cannot filter waste
effectively.
10. Which acid-base imbalance is caused by prolonged vomiting?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: B. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Vomiting causes loss of gastric acid, leading to alkalosis.
11. The main cause of iron-deficiency anemia is:
A. Decreased RBC destruction
B. Blood loss
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Kidney disease
Nurses II - Exam 3 Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales
2026/2027 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which condition is most commonly associated with left-sided
heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: C. Pulmonary edema
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the
lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion and edema.
2. The primary cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus is:
A. Insulin resistance
B. Obesity
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Decreased glucagon production
,Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Elevated potassium disrupts cardiac conduction and can
cause life-threatening arrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
typically exhibits:
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer: B. Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: CO₂ retention in COPD leads to respiratory acidosis.
5. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood
glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Oxytocin
D. Aldosterone
,Answer: B. Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown and
gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose.
6. The hallmark symptom of Addison disease is:
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Polyuria
Answer: C. Hypotension
Rationale: Cortisol and aldosterone deficiency leads to sodium loss
and low blood pressure.
7. Which structure is primarily damaged in glomerulonephritis?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Renal pelvis
C. Glomerulus
D. Ureter
Answer: C. Glomerulus
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the
glomeruli.
8. A common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis
B. Graves disease
C. Thyroid cancer
D. Iodine deficiency
, Answer: B. Graves disease
Rationale: Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder causing thyroid
overstimulation.
9. Which lab value is most indicative of kidney failure?
A. Low hemoglobin
B. Elevated creatinine
C. Low glucose
D. Elevated bilirubin
Answer: B. Elevated creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine accumulates when kidneys cannot filter waste
effectively.
10. Which acid-base imbalance is caused by prolonged vomiting?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Answer: B. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Vomiting causes loss of gastric acid, leading to alkalosis.
11. The main cause of iron-deficiency anemia is:
A. Decreased RBC destruction
B. Blood loss
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Kidney disease
