4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
CSMLS Transfusion Review EXAM ||MOST RECENT EXAM ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST RELEASED!!
immunoglobulin associated with intravascular hemolysis
IgM
-Complement bound all the way to MAC formation = hemolysis
immunoglobulin associated with extravascular hemolysis
IgG
- complement stops at C3b-no MAC formation
Antigens are found on
- RBCs
-WBCs
- plts
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,4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
Antigenicity based on
- Chemical composition & complexity.
- Degree of foreignness.
- Molecular weight (size).
- Dosage & antigen density.
- Route of administration
Protein antigens
- produced as part of membrane
- gene codes for protein which is the antigen
- well developed at birth
- antigens found on RBCs usually unique to only those cells
- Rh, Kidd, Duffy, S, s
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,4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
enzyme potentiators
• Ficin, Papain, Trypsin, Bromelin
• Enhances antibody reactions with some antigens
• Depresses reactivity of some antibodies by 'destroying' or changing the
antigen (duffy, M,N,S,s)
immediate spin technique
• Used with IgM antibodies (10% of serum Ig).
• Because of their large structure, IgM molecules cause visible
agglutination of antigen-positive RBCs suspended in saline.
- Direct agglutination can be observed
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, 4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
Antiglobulin Test Principle
- used to detect clinically significant unexpected antibodies that have
coated cells either in vivo or in vitro
- Red cells coated 'sensitized' with complement or IgG antibodies do not
produce visible agglutination with antigen-positive RBCs suspended in
saline
-In order for agglutination to occur an additional antibody, which reacts
with the Fc portion of the IgG antibody, or with the C3b or C3d
component of complement, must be added to the system.
- This will form a "bridge" between the antibodies or complement
coating the red cells, causing agglutination
Antiglobulin Reagent
• Human immunoglobulin is injected into another species (rabbit, goat, mouse)
• The injected species has an immune response to the foreign
molecule, and produces an antibody
• Any immunoglobulin can be injected
• The animal antibody produced is against the 'Constant region' or the Fc
portion not the variable region
• This way it will react with any human antibody regardless of specificity
polyclonal vs monoclonal antiglobulin
• Polyspecific Anti-human Globulin: blend of Anti-IgG & Anti-C3b, -C3d
• Monospecific reagents: Anti-IgG alone or Anti-C3b,-C3d alone
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CSMLS Transfusion Review EXAM ||MOST RECENT EXAM ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST RELEASED!!
immunoglobulin associated with intravascular hemolysis
IgM
-Complement bound all the way to MAC formation = hemolysis
immunoglobulin associated with extravascular hemolysis
IgG
- complement stops at C3b-no MAC formation
Antigens are found on
- RBCs
-WBCs
- plts
1/48
,4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
Antigenicity based on
- Chemical composition & complexity.
- Degree of foreignness.
- Molecular weight (size).
- Dosage & antigen density.
- Route of administration
Protein antigens
- produced as part of membrane
- gene codes for protein which is the antigen
- well developed at birth
- antigens found on RBCs usually unique to only those cells
- Rh, Kidd, Duffy, S, s
2/48
,4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
enzyme potentiators
• Ficin, Papain, Trypsin, Bromelin
• Enhances antibody reactions with some antigens
• Depresses reactivity of some antibodies by 'destroying' or changing the
antigen (duffy, M,N,S,s)
immediate spin technique
• Used with IgM antibodies (10% of serum Ig).
• Because of their large structure, IgM molecules cause visible
agglutination of antigen-positive RBCs suspended in saline.
- Direct agglutination can be observed
3/48
, 4/12/26, 9:07 PM CSMLS Transfusion Review
Antiglobulin Test Principle
- used to detect clinically significant unexpected antibodies that have
coated cells either in vivo or in vitro
- Red cells coated 'sensitized' with complement or IgG antibodies do not
produce visible agglutination with antigen-positive RBCs suspended in
saline
-In order for agglutination to occur an additional antibody, which reacts
with the Fc portion of the IgG antibody, or with the C3b or C3d
component of complement, must be added to the system.
- This will form a "bridge" between the antibodies or complement
coating the red cells, causing agglutination
Antiglobulin Reagent
• Human immunoglobulin is injected into another species (rabbit, goat, mouse)
• The injected species has an immune response to the foreign
molecule, and produces an antibody
• Any immunoglobulin can be injected
• The animal antibody produced is against the 'Constant region' or the Fc
portion not the variable region
• This way it will react with any human antibody regardless of specificity
polyclonal vs monoclonal antiglobulin
• Polyspecific Anti-human Globulin: blend of Anti-IgG & Anti-C3b, -C3d
• Monospecific reagents: Anti-IgG alone or Anti-C3b,-C3d alone
4/48
