UAMS Hematology Exam #3 Exam
questions 2026 Exam Questions and
verified Answers
Sickle cell anemia. Hemoglobin S is produced instead of A, due to valine being substituted for glutamic
acid on the 6th position of the Beta chain. Hemoglobin S aggregates to form a tactoid structure that
forms a sickle shape at low O2 tensions. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is a chronic hemolytic
anemia resulting from an inherited alteration of the globin chain? What characterizes it?
Bone marrow. 4% - CORRECT ANSWERS What is one of the largest organs in the body? What
% does it comprise of body weight?
Posterior superior iliac crest. Sternum, but is more dangerous because it is thinner and can be punctured
easier. Top of tibia below the knee. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the most common site for
bone marrow sampling in adults? What is the site used when this cannot be reached? Site for infants
and kids?
All bones in infants, only flat bones in adults. - CORRECT ANSWERS Where is bone marrow in
infants and adults?
Main artery enters and branches to the periphery to form vascular sinuses. Sinuses combine to form
veins to reenter to circulation. Just outside the sinuses are hematopoietic cords containing cells. -
CORRECT ANSWERS What is the structure of the bone marrow?
Through fenestrations in the lining cells of the sinus, which are basically adjustable holes between
epithelial cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS After maturation, how do cells enter the sinus?
Macrophages bring iron to the RBCs. - CORRECT ANSWERS RBCs are inside a sinus, around a
macrophage. Why?
,Stromal cells. Reticulum that extends into the marrow cords, fat, histiocytes, and endothelial cells. -
CORRECT ANSWERS What forms the formation and support network inside the bone? What
is it comprised of?
Osteoblasts. Osteoclasts. Core biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS Which cells are bone forming?
Bone destroying? Where can both of these be seen?
Around a spicule - CORRECT ANSWERS Where should a differential be done on a bone
marrow slide?
It supplies mature cells for circulation in a steady state or for increased demand. Maintained by
pluripotent stem cells. Cells proliferate according to the stimulus they receive. - CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the function of bone marrow? What is bone marrow self renewal maintained by? How do cells
what to proliferate into?
RBCs - 120 days. WBCs - 5-20 days. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the lifespan of RBCs and
WBCs?
Only when it is necessary to diagnose them or treat them. - CORRECT ANSWERS When
should you aspirate a patient?
Anemia, polycythemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS Which
diseases affect bone marrow composition?
Metastasizing tumors that have spread to the bone marrow such as Hodgkin's lymphoma. Causes a spot
of BM to not be able to produce and will prevent a sample being taken from that area. A fever of
unknown origin will also affect BM production. Hereditary diseases such as Gaucher (a storage pool
disease) will also affect. - CORRECT ANSWERS What diseases would affect the production of
bone marrow?
, Try to match the site by going to other side. Only aspirate sternum if absolutely necessary. - CORRECT
ANSWERS If a tumor is present on the posterior superior iliac crest, what should you try to
do when trying to obtain an aspirate?
Aspirate represents the red marrow and is only used for the differential. The biopsy represents the
actual structure of the bone marrow by bringing cell to fat ratio into contemplation. A differential
cannot be performed on a biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS What does the aspirate represent?
What does the biopsy represent?
Make sure it is actually BM by looking for a spicule, find a good area, avoid bare nuclei, look for
megakaryocytes and any abnormal cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS When examining BM under
low power, what should be looked for?
80% during childhood. 50% age 30-70. If over the age of 70, reduced cellularity will have to be
calculated. For a 70 year old, 100-70=30%. 30% plus or minus 10% = 20-40%/ - CORRECT ANSWERS
What percentage of cellularity should BM have during childhood? Age 30-70? Age above 70? How do
you calculate reduced cellularity?
500-1000, both RBCs and WBCs. Myeloid to erythrocyte ratio, normal is 3:1. Lymphocytes, monocytes,
and plasma cells are not included. There are more myeloid cells in the ratio due to their shorter lifespan,
they require replacement more often. - CORRECT ANSWERS When examining BM under oil
power, how many cells should be counted? Which cells? What ratio should be determined and what is
normal? What is NOT included in the ration count? How is this ratio determined?
50% - CORRECT ANSWERS What percent of the differential count will be comprised of
neutrophilic myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands, and segs?
Each specific nRBC and WBC class and the percentage of each. - CORRECT ANSWERS What
should be reported for each cell type counted?
Only myeloid granulocytic cells are counted. Divide that number by the number of erythroid cells. Ex.
350 neutrophils/75=4.7:1 - CORRECT ANSWERS How to calculate M:E ratio?
questions 2026 Exam Questions and
verified Answers
Sickle cell anemia. Hemoglobin S is produced instead of A, due to valine being substituted for glutamic
acid on the 6th position of the Beta chain. Hemoglobin S aggregates to form a tactoid structure that
forms a sickle shape at low O2 tensions. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is a chronic hemolytic
anemia resulting from an inherited alteration of the globin chain? What characterizes it?
Bone marrow. 4% - CORRECT ANSWERS What is one of the largest organs in the body? What
% does it comprise of body weight?
Posterior superior iliac crest. Sternum, but is more dangerous because it is thinner and can be punctured
easier. Top of tibia below the knee. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the most common site for
bone marrow sampling in adults? What is the site used when this cannot be reached? Site for infants
and kids?
All bones in infants, only flat bones in adults. - CORRECT ANSWERS Where is bone marrow in
infants and adults?
Main artery enters and branches to the periphery to form vascular sinuses. Sinuses combine to form
veins to reenter to circulation. Just outside the sinuses are hematopoietic cords containing cells. -
CORRECT ANSWERS What is the structure of the bone marrow?
Through fenestrations in the lining cells of the sinus, which are basically adjustable holes between
epithelial cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS After maturation, how do cells enter the sinus?
Macrophages bring iron to the RBCs. - CORRECT ANSWERS RBCs are inside a sinus, around a
macrophage. Why?
,Stromal cells. Reticulum that extends into the marrow cords, fat, histiocytes, and endothelial cells. -
CORRECT ANSWERS What forms the formation and support network inside the bone? What
is it comprised of?
Osteoblasts. Osteoclasts. Core biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS Which cells are bone forming?
Bone destroying? Where can both of these be seen?
Around a spicule - CORRECT ANSWERS Where should a differential be done on a bone
marrow slide?
It supplies mature cells for circulation in a steady state or for increased demand. Maintained by
pluripotent stem cells. Cells proliferate according to the stimulus they receive. - CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the function of bone marrow? What is bone marrow self renewal maintained by? How do cells
what to proliferate into?
RBCs - 120 days. WBCs - 5-20 days. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the lifespan of RBCs and
WBCs?
Only when it is necessary to diagnose them or treat them. - CORRECT ANSWERS When
should you aspirate a patient?
Anemia, polycythemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS Which
diseases affect bone marrow composition?
Metastasizing tumors that have spread to the bone marrow such as Hodgkin's lymphoma. Causes a spot
of BM to not be able to produce and will prevent a sample being taken from that area. A fever of
unknown origin will also affect BM production. Hereditary diseases such as Gaucher (a storage pool
disease) will also affect. - CORRECT ANSWERS What diseases would affect the production of
bone marrow?
, Try to match the site by going to other side. Only aspirate sternum if absolutely necessary. - CORRECT
ANSWERS If a tumor is present on the posterior superior iliac crest, what should you try to
do when trying to obtain an aspirate?
Aspirate represents the red marrow and is only used for the differential. The biopsy represents the
actual structure of the bone marrow by bringing cell to fat ratio into contemplation. A differential
cannot be performed on a biopsy. - CORRECT ANSWERS What does the aspirate represent?
What does the biopsy represent?
Make sure it is actually BM by looking for a spicule, find a good area, avoid bare nuclei, look for
megakaryocytes and any abnormal cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS When examining BM under
low power, what should be looked for?
80% during childhood. 50% age 30-70. If over the age of 70, reduced cellularity will have to be
calculated. For a 70 year old, 100-70=30%. 30% plus or minus 10% = 20-40%/ - CORRECT ANSWERS
What percentage of cellularity should BM have during childhood? Age 30-70? Age above 70? How do
you calculate reduced cellularity?
500-1000, both RBCs and WBCs. Myeloid to erythrocyte ratio, normal is 3:1. Lymphocytes, monocytes,
and plasma cells are not included. There are more myeloid cells in the ratio due to their shorter lifespan,
they require replacement more often. - CORRECT ANSWERS When examining BM under oil
power, how many cells should be counted? Which cells? What ratio should be determined and what is
normal? What is NOT included in the ration count? How is this ratio determined?
50% - CORRECT ANSWERS What percent of the differential count will be comprised of
neutrophilic myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands, and segs?
Each specific nRBC and WBC class and the percentage of each. - CORRECT ANSWERS What
should be reported for each cell type counted?
Only myeloid granulocytic cells are counted. Divide that number by the number of erythroid cells. Ex.
350 neutrophils/75=4.7:1 - CORRECT ANSWERS How to calculate M:E ratio?
