CMN 552 Exam 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the difference between adjustment disorder with depressed mood and major depression? -
CORRECT ANSWER Adjustment disorder benefits from psychotherapy, while major
depression may require medication.
What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)? -
CORRECT ANSWER Symptoms must occur every day for the last 2 weeks.
What are some symptoms of depression that must be present for MDD diagnosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight loss, insomnia or
hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, thoughts of death or suicidal
ideation.
What screening tool is commonly used to assess depression? - CORRECT ANSWER PHQ-9
What does SIGECAPS stand for in depression screening? - CORRECT ANSWER Sleep,
Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidality.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)? - CORRECT ANSWER A pattern of depression
occurring in winter with improvement in summer, often treated with light therapy.
What percentage of adolescents experience major depressive disorder (MDD) by age 18? -
CORRECT ANSWER Approximately 20%.
What is the prevalence of MDD in girls compared to boys? - CORRECT ANSWER The
prevalence in girls is more than twice as high.
What are common coping mechanisms used by adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive
mastery, conformity, controlling behavior, fantasy, and motor activity.
What is the second leading cause of death among children and adolescents aged 10-14? - CORRECT
ANSWER Suicide.
,What are some warning signs of suicide in adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased risk-
taking, substance abuse, hopelessness, dramatic mood swings, preoccupation with death.
What is the DIGFAST criteria used for? - CORRECT ANSWER To assess symptoms of
hypomania in Bipolar Disorder.
What does DIGFAST stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Distractibility, Indiscretion,
Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness.
What is the normal cortisol level in the DST test? - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 5 µg/dL.
What indicates adrenal cortisol insufficiency in the DST test? - CORRECT ANSWER Cortisol
levels less than 15 µg/dL.
What is the relationship between antidepressants and neonatal hypoglycemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER Antidepressants are associated with a higher risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.
What is the risk ratio for TCAs regarding neonatal hypoglycemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2.07.
What are the two main types of mood disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).
What characterizes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? - CORRECT ANSWER Single or
recurrent episodes lasting at least two weeks affecting everyday function.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)? - CORRECT ANSWER Milder
chronic symptoms lasting for years with little effect on everyday function.
What is the typical presentation of Bipolar Disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Episodes of
mania and depression.
,What is the significance of the term 'anhedonia' in depression? - CORRECT ANSWER It refers
to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
What is a common symptom of hypomania? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased energy and
decreased need for sleep.
What is the prevalence of depression in adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER It increases with
age, with significant rates by age 18.
What are some cognitive/mood changes associated with suicidal ideation? - CORRECT
ANSWER Hopelessness, increased anger, and preoccupation with death.
What is the impact of bullying or victimization on adolescent mental health? - CORRECT
ANSWER It is a risk factor for mental health issues and suicide.
What is the role of social support in adolescent suicide risk? - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate
social support can increase the risk of suicide.
What mood disorder is characterized by more mania in men and more depression in women? -
CORRECT ANSWER Bipolar I and II
What is the term for attempts at self-treatment of depression through substance use? - CORRECT
ANSWER Alcohol or substance abuse
What does 'objective loss' refer to in the context of depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Traumatic separation from significant objects of attachment
Why is social support important in managing depression? - CORRECT ANSWER It helps
prevent relapse and mitigates chronic depression
What can lead to a loss of self-esteem in individuals? - CORRECT ANSWER Symbolic losses
involving power, status, roles, identity, values, and purpose
, What does the learned helplessness model propose about depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Depression is learned from past situations of uncontrolled helplessness
What are the neuroendocrine links hypothesized to be involved in depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Neurotransmitter deficits and disinhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis (HPA)
What role do thyroid disturbances play in mood disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER They are
significant in rapid cycling patients, especially in women
How can environmental stressors affect individuals with mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER They can disrupt neurotransmitter balance in the limbic-diencephalic system
What is the recommended treatment approach for bipolar disorders and depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Indefinite maintenance pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Which gender is more likely to experience unipolar major depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Women, approximately twofold more than men
At what age does unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) typically begin? - CORRECT
ANSWER Early adulthood, most pronounced between ages 30-45
What is a significant risk factor for mood disorders related to marital status? - CORRECT
ANSWER MDD and bipolar illness are most frequent among divorced, separated, and widowed
individuals
What psychosocial factor is the strongest predisposing factor for mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER Accumulation of stressful negative life events
What comorbid disorders are frequently associated with major mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER Alcohol abuse/dependence, panic disorders, OCD, and social anxiety disorder
How do men and women differ in seeking treatment for depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Women seek treatment more often and are more compliant than men
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the difference between adjustment disorder with depressed mood and major depression? -
CORRECT ANSWER Adjustment disorder benefits from psychotherapy, while major
depression may require medication.
What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)? -
CORRECT ANSWER Symptoms must occur every day for the last 2 weeks.
What are some symptoms of depression that must be present for MDD diagnosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight loss, insomnia or
hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, thoughts of death or suicidal
ideation.
What screening tool is commonly used to assess depression? - CORRECT ANSWER PHQ-9
What does SIGECAPS stand for in depression screening? - CORRECT ANSWER Sleep,
Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidality.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)? - CORRECT ANSWER A pattern of depression
occurring in winter with improvement in summer, often treated with light therapy.
What percentage of adolescents experience major depressive disorder (MDD) by age 18? -
CORRECT ANSWER Approximately 20%.
What is the prevalence of MDD in girls compared to boys? - CORRECT ANSWER The
prevalence in girls is more than twice as high.
What are common coping mechanisms used by adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive
mastery, conformity, controlling behavior, fantasy, and motor activity.
What is the second leading cause of death among children and adolescents aged 10-14? - CORRECT
ANSWER Suicide.
,What are some warning signs of suicide in adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased risk-
taking, substance abuse, hopelessness, dramatic mood swings, preoccupation with death.
What is the DIGFAST criteria used for? - CORRECT ANSWER To assess symptoms of
hypomania in Bipolar Disorder.
What does DIGFAST stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Distractibility, Indiscretion,
Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness.
What is the normal cortisol level in the DST test? - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 5 µg/dL.
What indicates adrenal cortisol insufficiency in the DST test? - CORRECT ANSWER Cortisol
levels less than 15 µg/dL.
What is the relationship between antidepressants and neonatal hypoglycemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER Antidepressants are associated with a higher risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.
What is the risk ratio for TCAs regarding neonatal hypoglycemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2.07.
What are the two main types of mood disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).
What characterizes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)? - CORRECT ANSWER Single or
recurrent episodes lasting at least two weeks affecting everyday function.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)? - CORRECT ANSWER Milder
chronic symptoms lasting for years with little effect on everyday function.
What is the typical presentation of Bipolar Disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Episodes of
mania and depression.
,What is the significance of the term 'anhedonia' in depression? - CORRECT ANSWER It refers
to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
What is a common symptom of hypomania? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased energy and
decreased need for sleep.
What is the prevalence of depression in adolescents? - CORRECT ANSWER It increases with
age, with significant rates by age 18.
What are some cognitive/mood changes associated with suicidal ideation? - CORRECT
ANSWER Hopelessness, increased anger, and preoccupation with death.
What is the impact of bullying or victimization on adolescent mental health? - CORRECT
ANSWER It is a risk factor for mental health issues and suicide.
What is the role of social support in adolescent suicide risk? - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate
social support can increase the risk of suicide.
What mood disorder is characterized by more mania in men and more depression in women? -
CORRECT ANSWER Bipolar I and II
What is the term for attempts at self-treatment of depression through substance use? - CORRECT
ANSWER Alcohol or substance abuse
What does 'objective loss' refer to in the context of depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Traumatic separation from significant objects of attachment
Why is social support important in managing depression? - CORRECT ANSWER It helps
prevent relapse and mitigates chronic depression
What can lead to a loss of self-esteem in individuals? - CORRECT ANSWER Symbolic losses
involving power, status, roles, identity, values, and purpose
, What does the learned helplessness model propose about depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Depression is learned from past situations of uncontrolled helplessness
What are the neuroendocrine links hypothesized to be involved in depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Neurotransmitter deficits and disinhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis (HPA)
What role do thyroid disturbances play in mood disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER They are
significant in rapid cycling patients, especially in women
How can environmental stressors affect individuals with mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER They can disrupt neurotransmitter balance in the limbic-diencephalic system
What is the recommended treatment approach for bipolar disorders and depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Indefinite maintenance pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Which gender is more likely to experience unipolar major depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Women, approximately twofold more than men
At what age does unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) typically begin? - CORRECT
ANSWER Early adulthood, most pronounced between ages 30-45
What is a significant risk factor for mood disorders related to marital status? - CORRECT
ANSWER MDD and bipolar illness are most frequent among divorced, separated, and widowed
individuals
What psychosocial factor is the strongest predisposing factor for mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER Accumulation of stressful negative life events
What comorbid disorders are frequently associated with major mood disorders? - CORRECT
ANSWER Alcohol abuse/dependence, panic disorders, OCD, and social anxiety disorder
How do men and women differ in seeking treatment for depression? - CORRECT
ANSWER Women seek treatment more often and are more compliant than men
